Psychology: Memory Structures and Process
- Created by: cheryllee
- Created on: 18-10-19 23:21
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- Memory: Structures and Process
- Encoding
- Key Words
- Encoding: To translate the information so it can be stored as a memory
- Storage: Where the memory is held for a period of time (potentially a lifetime)
- Types of encoding
- Visual Encoding: Where the information is encoded through images
- Acoustic Encoding: Where the information is encoded through sound
- Semantic Encoding: Where the information is encoded through its meaning
- Retrieval
- Cued-Recall: Where you recall an information through hints and cues
- Key Words
- The Multi Store Model
- sensory register - short term memory - long term memory
- Key Words
- Capacity: The amount of information that are able to be stored in the different store
- Duration: The amount of time an information is able to be stored in the different store
- Coding: How an information is able to be stored in the different store
- Sensory Register
- Duration: less than half a second
- Capacity: Very High
- Coding: Through all five senses
- Short Term Memory
- Duration: Less than 30 seconds
- Capacity: 5 to 9 chunks or items of information
- Coding: Tends to be Acoustic
- Long Term Memory
- Duration: Potentially a lifetime
- Capacity: Potentially unlimited
- Coding: Tends to be semantic
- Evaluation
- Strength: There are supporting research
- There are many other research that shows different stores exists
- Limitation: The model is too simple
- Research has shown that there are more than one type of LTM
- This suggests that the model isn't as simple as it looks
- Research has shown that there are more than one type of LTM
- Limitation: Uses Artificial Task
- This study often requires participants to recall word lists
- Which is not how we use our memory in our day to day life
- the results does not illustrate the different ways we use memory instead it focus on verbal learning
- Which is not how we use our memory in our day to day life
- This study often requires participants to recall word lists
- Strength: There are supporting research
- Baddeley Study
- Aim:
- To see if there was a difference in the type of encoding used in short and long term memory
- Procedure / Method
- He had four groups of participants
- Results
- Participants in Group B did better than participants in Group A
- Participants in Group D did better than participants in Group C
- Conclusion
- Overall the study suggests that Short term Memory encodes acoustically and long term memory encodes semantically
- Evaluation
- Strength : A controlled study
- The study was conducted in a lab so there was no extraneous variable that are able to affect the results
- Therefore, we can be more sure that the result is more accurate
- The study was conducted in a lab so there was no extraneous variable that are able to affect the results
- Limitation: Was Baddeley actually testing LTM?
- He only tested 20 minutes after the participants memorise the lists, he should have made the time period longer (e.g. a day or at least an hour)
- Baddeley might not be testing what he claim to be testing
- He only tested 20 minutes after the participants memorise the lists, he should have made the time period longer (e.g. a day or at least an hour)
- Limitation: STM may sometimes be visual
- A later study by Brandimonte suggest that STM is encoded visually
- This shows that STM is not always encoded acoustically
- A later study by Brandimonte suggest that STM is encoded visually
- Strength : A controlled study
- Aim:
- Types of Long Term Memory
- Encoding
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