Memory
- Created by: mollygriffin15
- Created on: 16-10-18 08:45
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- Memory
- Long term
- Capacity
- Unlimited
- Encoding
- Mainly semantic
- Duration
- Unlimited
- Capacity
- Short term
- Capacity
- 7+/- 2 items
- Encoding
- mainly acoustic
- Duration
- 18 seconds
- Capacity
- Multi-store model
- They proposed that memory consisted of three stores: sensory register, short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM).
- Information passes from store to store in a linear way.
- Sensory memory is the information you get from your sense, your eyes and ears.
- When attention is paid to something in the environment it is then converted to short-term memory.
- Once in the STM informed can be rehearsed then go into LTM
- Working memory model
- Visuospatial sketchpad
- The VSS is a temporary memory system for holding visual and spatial information.
- the visual cache (which store visual data about form and colour)
- the inner scribe (which records the arrangement of objects in the visual field, and rehearses and transfers information in the visual cache to the central executive).
- The VSS is a temporary memory system for holding visual and spatial information.
- phonological loop
- temporary storage system for holding auditory information in a speech based form.
- the articulatory process (inner voice), which allows maintenance rehearsal
- the phonological store (inner ear), which stores words you hear
- The phonological loop plays a key role in the development of reading
- temporary storage system for holding auditory information in a speech based form.
- episodic buffer
- acts as a 'backup' (temporary) store for information
- communicates with both long term memory and the slave system components of working memory.
- Visuospatial sketchpad
- Explanations for forgetting
- Interference
- Proactive interference is where old learning prevents recall of more recent information
- Retroactive interference is where new learning prevents recall of previously learned information.
- Proactive and retroactive Interference is thought to be more likely to occur where the memories are similar, for example: confusing old and new telephone numbers.
- Retrieval failure
- Retrieval failure is where information is available in long term memory but cannot be recalled because of the absence of appropriate cues
- Types of cues that have been studied by psychologists include context, state and organisation
- When we store a new memory we also store information about the situation and these are known as retrieval cues
- When we come into the same situation again, these retrieval cues can trigger the memory of the situation.
- Context
- external cues in the environment, e.g. smell, place etc
- Organisation
- Recall is improved if the organisation gives a structure which provides triggers, eg categories.
- State
- bodily cues inside of us, e.g. physical, emotional, mood, drunk etc
- Interference
- Long term
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