Psychological Investigations
There are some bits i've missed such as the strengths and weaknesses of the experimental designs. Just so you're aware!
- Created by: Bryony
- Created on: 12-05-14 19:45
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- Psychological Investigations
- Correlation
- types
- no correlation
- Positive Correlation
- Negative Correlation
- Correlation Coefficient
- States how strong a correlation is
- -1.0
- perfect negative correlation
- 1.0
- perfect positive correlation
- 0
- no correlation
- Descriptive Statistics
- cannot make a conclusion
- related to the hypothesis
- summarise and describes data
- scattergraph
- shows correlation between co-variables
- cannot make a conclusion
- Evaluation
- disadvantages
- cannot show cause and effect
- used as a starting point
- strengths
- practical and ethical
- shows relationships between variables
- disadvantages
- types
- Self-report
- Problems
- questions are not always clear
- not valid data
- low rate reponse
- questionnaires via email
- questions can be leading
- social desirability bias
- questions are not always clear
- rating scales
- quantitative data
- likert scale
- tendency towards middle
- less extreme
- tendency towards middle
- shows strength of opinion
- Questionnaires
- type of questions
- open
- closed
- type of questions
- Interviews
- semi-structured
- some premeditated questions
- spoken questionnaire
- structured
- restrict response
- unstructured
- time consuming
- semi-structured
- pilot study
- smaller version of a study carried out before the main research
- sampling
- random sample
- stratified sampling
- snowball sampling
- opportunity sample
- self-selecting (volunteer) sample
- Problems
- Observation
- types of observation
- time sampling
- event sampling
- overt
- covert
- participant
- non-participant
- inter-rater reliability
- increases reliability
- as well as clear categories
- comparing the ratings of two or more observers
- checking for agreement
- increases reliability
- validity
- increase
- employ more observers
- observers kept unaware of aims
- clearly coded categories
- decrease
- observer bias
- not record objectively
- influenced by expectations
- participants are unaware of observation
- observer bias
- increase
- strengths
- useful as a starting point
- ecologically valid
- see more behaviour rather than what they say they do
- offer ways of studying behaviour when there are ethical problems
- weaknesses
- ethical issues
- consent
- little or no control
- can't see cause and effect
- observer bias
- time consuming
- harder to replicate
- no info about thoughts of feelings
- ethical issues
- types of observation
- Experiment
- Hypothesis
- one tailed
- two tailed
- alternate
- null
- lab experiment
- weaknesses
- low in ecological validity
- demand characteristics
- participants know they're in an experiment
- ethical issues
- deception
- strengths
- easily replicated
- always see cause and effect
- weaknesses
- field experiment
- strengths
- high in ecological validity
- conducted in real life situations
- demand characteristics
- participants are usually unaware
- high in ecological validity
- weaknesses
- not usually possible to gain consent and debrief
- harder to control confounding variables
- strengths
- quasi/natural experiment
- strengths
- avoids demand characteristics
- IV is not manipulated
- weaknesses
- harder to establish cause and effect
- strengths
- experimental designs
- matched pairs
- independent measures
- repeated measures
- Hypothesis
- Correlation
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