Psychological Problems: Comprehensive Depression & Addiction Mindmap
- Created by: Winter16
- Created on: 25-03-20 21:19
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- Psychological Problems
- Addiction
- Symptoms
- Possible to be addicted to substances (illegal & legal) and to activities
- Withdrawal symptoms when the thing is stopped
- Have to do/consume to feel 'normal'
- Feeling of need
- Stopping is difficult (think, reducing coffee, smoking, etc
- Build up tolerance
- Ignore knowledge that it's harmful
- Replaces other activities
- Etiology
- Biological or Nature
- Genetic predisposition
- A1 variant of DDR2 gene has been linked to addiction
- Carmelli et al. (1992)
- Found that identical twins were likely to both have an addiction if the other did
- Goodwin et al. (1973)
- Found that an adopted child who had a biological parent with an addiction was more likely to become addicted to something than one without
- Cadoret et al. (1987)
- The same as Goodwin BUT also found the same results if it was the adopted parent with the addiction
- This suggests more than just genes
- Untitled
- The same as Goodwin BUT also found the same results if it was the adopted parent with the addiction
- Strengths
- Scientific evidence; addictions do often run in families
- Weaknesses
- Reductionist; even the DDR2 gene isn't certain
- DDR2 gene has also been linked to autism which shows vastly different symptoms to addiction
- Reductionist; even the DDR2 gene isn't certain
- Genetic predisposition
- Environmental or Nurture
- Classical conditioning
- Addiction associated with positive feeling, remembered as such
- Operant conditioning
- Reinforced by feeling good
- Social learning theory
- Mimicking role models
- Strengths
- Suggests addictions can be unlearnt; explains relapses
- Weaknesses
- Ignores biological roles; doesn't explain why some become addicted & others don't
- Classical conditioning
- Biological or Nature
- Treatment
- Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
- Functional Analysis - identifies triggers
- Skills Training - teaches ways to cope
- Strengths
- Gives the ability to take control; supported by research; long-lasting
- Weaknesses
- Addict needs to want to do it; even if skills are gained it doesn't mean they'll be used
- Functional Analysis - identifies triggers
- Drug therapy
- Can be used to treat withdrawal symptoms
- SSRIs for sex addicts
- Naltrexone for gamblers & alcoholics
- Strengths
- Get well enough for CBT; evidence
- Weaknesses
- mixed results; don't want to switch addiction
- Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
- Symptoms
- Unipolar Depression
- Etiology
- Biological or Nature
- Genetic disposition
- Diathesis-stress model
- a particular gene is triggered by a stressful event
- Likely to get depressed due to genes
- Diathesis-stress model
- Strengths
- Research, simplicity
- Weaknesses
- Reductionist & deterministic
- Genetic disposition
- Environment or Nurture
- Cognitive Triad
- Aaron Beck
- Negative thought patterns
- ABC Model
- Albert Ellis
- Activating event ? beliefs ? consequence
- Strengths
- Takes account into experience; gives opportunity to change
- Weaknesses
- Are irrational thoughts a symptom? May not be able to explain all types of depression
- Cognitive Triad
- Biological or Nature
- Symptoms
- Lowering of mood
- Lack of energy
- Lack of motivation
- Twice as many women as men
- Treatment
- Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
- Cognitive: helps change thought process
- Behavioural: helps change actions
- Homework between sessions
- Strengths
- Evidence; long-lasting; combats helplessness
- Weaknesses
- Patient needs to want to do it; ethics of changing someone's thoughts
- Drug therapy
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
- Serotonin & Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
- Tricyclics (TCAs)
- Strengths
- Get well enough for CBT; 50-60% show improvement
- Weaknesses
- Side effects; don't actually deal with the cause
- Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
- Etiology
- Addiction
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