SCHIZOPHRENIA - Psychological explanation for schizophrenia (inc. cognitive explanation)
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- Created on: 06-01-19 12:21
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- Psychological explanation for schizophrenia
- Family dysfunction
- Double Bind theory
- contradictory messages from parents
- affects child badly - confusing, don't know how to express and show emotions themselves
- suggested by Bateson (1956)
- develops into affective flattening and withdrawal
- R.D.Laing - sch is a reasonable response to an insane world
- case study of sch girl 'Jane' - when Laing first met her - emotionally flat and she had reoccurring fantasy - she saw herself as a tennis ball involved in a game of mixed doubles
- Laing discovered parents' relationship was awful but still living together. Dad's mother used to get involved. Mum's father used to get involved - mixed doubles
- Laing also found in past, Jane used to be a go-between (go tell your mum this etc.). TENNIS BALL FANTASY
- Laing discovered parents' relationship was awful but still living together. Dad's mother used to get involved. Mum's father used to get involved - mixed doubles
- contradictory messages from parents
- Double Bind theory
- Too much expressed emotion (EE)
- can cause initial sch
- if someone in family is sch, they will treat you differently
- family communication style of expressing (hostile / critical) emotion to each other
- once someone is sch, it can lead to higher relapse rates
- suggests people with sch have lower tolerance for intense environmental stimuli
- Kuipers (1983) - high EE relatives talk more and listen less
- Cognitive
- includes dysfunctional thought processing (part of general cognitive approach)
- maladaptive (irrational) thought processes cause sch
- faulty thought processing (wrongful interpretation)
- problems with meta-cognition
- def: when an individ is thinking about their thinking
- sch people have problems with their met-cognition
- healthy person can think about how our thinking can affect out thinking and behav
- problems with our executive functioning
- cognitive processes that control and manage other cognitive and behavioural processes
- healthy person = efficient ex.funct
- cognitive explanations of delusions
- degree to which an individ perceives him or herself as the central component in events
- sch tendency to relate irrelevant events to themselves
- muffled voices criticise them, flashing light is from God
- cognitive explanations for hallucinations
- hallucinating individs focus excessive attention on auditory stimuli
- Aleman (2001) - hallucination-prone individs find distinguishing between imagery and sensory-based perception difficult
- Baker and Morrison (1998) - hallucinating patients with sch are more likely to misattribute the source of self-generated auditory
- Research
- Takahashi (2013) - compared electrical brain activity of sch when exposed to auditory tones. Ability to detect changes in tone was limited.
- Knoblich (2004) - schs are impaired in their ability to detect mismatch between self-generated movement and their consequences when drawing. Suggests cognitive inability to self-monitor
- O'Carroll (2000) - 75% cognitive impairment of schs - particularly memory, attention, motor skills, executive function and intelligence.
- Elevag & Goldberg (2000) - sch is better characterised by cognitive deficits rather than symps. Memory and attention are the main cognitive deficits.
- Bowie & Harvey (2006) - cognitive impairments are core feature of sch: impact memory, attention, verbal learning and executive functions. Impairments pre-date disorder
- Evaluation (A03)
- Cognitive theories don't explain the cognitive impairments - can't been seen as explaining causes for sch
- explanation can account for positive and negative symptoms
- theory can be combined with other theories (biological)
- high success rate of cognitive based therapies (CBT)
- Sarin & Wallin - found supporting evidence of claim that positive symptoms have origin of faulty cognition
- Howes & Murray - early vulnerability factors (genes etc.) combined with social stressors causes an increase in dopamine.
- Family dysfunction
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