The Psychodynamic Approach
- Created by: Gwen May Hutchings
- Created on: 01-11-18 12:41
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- Psychodynamic Approach
- Structure of personality-Freudian's theory
- The Id- entirely unconscious, pleasure principle. Made up of selfish, aggressive instincts that demand immediate gratification
- The Ego- Reality principle. Compromises between the Id and the Superego. Develops around 2 years of age in order to reduce conflict between demands of the Id and Superego. Ego manages this by employing various defence mechanisms.
- Defence Mechanisms
- Unconscious processes that ensure that the Ego is able to prevent us from being overwhelmed from traumatic or distressing situations.
- Repression- forcing a distressing memory out of the conscious mind.
- Denial- Refusing to acknowledge some aspect of reality. e.g. Drug abusers deny that they an addiction.
- Displacement- Transferring feelings from true source of distressing emotion onto a substitute target.
- Unconscious processes that ensure that the Ego is able to prevent us from being overwhelmed from traumatic or distressing situations.
- Defence Mechanisms
- The Superego- Moralistic part of our personality which represents the ideal self. Formed at the end of the Phallic stage, around the age of 5.
- Defence Mechanisms
- Unconscious processes that ensure that the Ego is able to prevent us from being overwhelmed from traumatic or distressing situations.
- Repression- forcing a distressing memory out of the conscious mind.
- Denial- Refusing to acknowledge some aspect of reality. e.g. Drug abusers deny that they an addiction.
- Displacement- Transferring feelings from true source of distressing emotion onto a substitute target.
- Unconscious processes that ensure that the Ego is able to prevent us from being overwhelmed from traumatic or distressing situations.
- Psychosexual Stages
- Freud claimed that child development came in 5 stages- Any psychosexual conflict that is unresolved leads to fixation, where a child carried certain behaviours associated with that stage into adulthood.
- Oral 1-2 years: focus of pleasure is the mouth, mother's breast is the object of desire. Consequence of unresolved conflict-.Oral Fixation- Smoking, biting nails.
- Anal 1-3 years: Focus of pleasure is the anus, child gains pleasure from withholding and expelling faeces. Consequences: Anal retentive- perfectionist, obsessive Anal expulsive-. thoughtless, messy.
- Phallic 3-5 years: Focus of pleasure is the genitals. Child experiences the Oedipus or Electra complex. Consequences: Phallic personality- narcissistic, reckless, possible homosexual.
- Oedipus- Boys feel hatred towards father due to desire for their mother, but will identify with father due to fear of castration meaning they cannot pursue incestuous feelings.
- Electra- Girls will desire their father but this feeling will be replaced with a want for a baby, hence identification with their mother.
- Latency- Earlier conflicts are repressed.
- Genital- during puberty, sexual activity is desired. Consequences: difficulty forming heterosexual relationships
- Freud claimed that child development came in 5 stages- Any psychosexual conflict that is unresolved leads to fixation, where a child carried certain behaviours associated with that stage into adulthood.
- Strengths
- Explanatory power- e.g. children's behaviour following PTSD.
- Influential to treatment.
- Limitations
- subjective- e.g. Little Hans study is based on interpretation
- Concepts are not falsifiable/testable .
- Structure of personality-Freudian's theory
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