Approaches- Psychodynamic approach
- Created by: Sophie123.sdr
- Created on: 01-05-21 15:14
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- Psychodynamic approach
- personality
- Id
- born with Id
- acts on pleasure principle
- selfish, wants things now
- ego
- develops at 3 years
- acts on reality principle
- mediates between super ego and id
- superego
- develops at 5 years
- acts on morality principle
- wants what is right
- personality is made of 3 parts
- Id
- psychosexual stages
- oral
- pleasure organ: mouth, infants eat, drink and put things on mouth
- 0-1 year
- pass by being successfully weened by 1 year
- if fail, become smoker, drink alcohol etc.
- anal
- pleasure organ: anus, children expel/withhold faeces
- 1-3 years
- pass by being potty trained by 3 years
- if fail, either messy etc. or very controlling etc.
- latency
- 6-puberty
- no requirements to pass
- make same-sex friendships, want nothing to do with opposite sex.
- genital
- puberty-latency
- pleasure organ: genitals
- pass by forming heterosexual relationships
- if fail, become homosexual
- phallic
- 3-6 years
- Oedipus complex
- little Hans case study
- little Hans= boy going through Oedipus complex, with big fear of horses
- Freud gave therapy though letters with father
- Freud concluded Hans had fear of father displaced onto horses as they had big penis and resembled father.
- boys learn that girls have no penis, think father castrated them
- see father as competition for mother love, but know he is bigger/ stronger so is scared of him
- boys try to imitate fathers beliefs in order to not get castrated
- little Hans case study
- Electra complex
- girls learn that boys have a penis, and think their mother castrated them
- girls go to father, hoping they get their penis back.
- only way for girls to get over penis envy is to have a son, have a career or get a husband
- pleasure organ: genitals
- oral
- levels of consciousnes
- conscious
- what we are aware of
- sub conscious
- unaware of
- contains personality and repressed memories
- preconscious
- stuff that can be brought into consciousnes
- conscious
- main assumptions
- we are driven by unconscious forces
- conscious mind is tip of the iceberg
- unconscious forces determine thoughts/ feelings and behaviour
- abnormalities is result of conflict
- behaviour is driven by childhood experiences
- defence mechanisms
- used by ego when mind is in conflict.
- repression
- forcing a memory out of the conscious mind
- e.g forgetting about a traumatic event
- denial
- not believing/ acknowledgin a memory
- e.g. showing up to work after being fired
- displacement
- displacing an emotion on another thing
- e.g. kicking a wall when angry
- used to prevent distressing memories from becoming conscious
- strengths
- explains a lot of stuff
- explains gender, morals, personality and abnormalities
- very thorough approach
- explains gender, morals, personality and abnormalities
- psycho therapy
- first therapy created
- 1st psychologist to try to improve mental wellbeing
- first therapy created
- explains a lot of stuff
- limitations
- psychic determinism
- suggests we are determined by childhood experiences
- no free will
- creates problems for law
- no free will
- psychosexual stages means we all must go though the same thing to develop normally
- suggests we are determined by childhood experiences
- case study method
- unscientific method, as small sample size
- all based on mentally ill people
- doesn't generalise to whole population
- untestable concepts
- no way to prove or disprove anything
- lacks falsification, pseudo science
- no way to prove or disprove anything
- psychic determinism
- personality
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