Schizophrenia psychodynamic approach
- Created by: Jack
- Created on: 21-05-15 10:13
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- Psychodynam-ic explanation for schizophrenia
- AO1
- Freud claims we go through 5 psychosexual stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital)
- Harsh overbearing parents (particularly mother) cause problems at the oral stage.
- This leads to fixation at the oral stage. (but still carry on through the other stages).
- Stress/trauma in later life leads to regression to fixated stage.
- The oral stage occurs between 0 and 2 years old, so regression is to a weak, pre-ego state
- The ego is the reality principle
- So regression to oral stage explains some symptoms of schiz (e.g.delusion, hallucinations - no reality)
- The ego is the reality principle
- The oral stage occurs between 0 and 2 years old, so regression is to a weak, pre-ego state
- Stress/trauma in later life leads to regression to fixated stage.
- This leads to fixation at the oral stage. (but still carry on through the other stages).
- Harsh overbearing parents (particularly mother) cause problems at the oral stage.
- Freud claims we go through 5 psychosexual stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital)
- AO2
- STUDIES
- FROMM-REICHMANN - compared childhood experiences of schiz/non-schiz children.
- Found difference in quality of mothering (mother of schiz child was cold, harsh, etc).
- (SCHOFIELD AND BALIAN found the same thing using an observation)
- WARING AND RICKS - contradicto-ry as found mothers of schiz children to be anxious and shy.
- GOTTDIEN-ER - meta-analysis of 37 studies
- Found twice as many patients improved following psychotherapy, compared to those who didn't have it.
- FROMM-REICHMANN - compared childhood experiences of schiz/non-schiz children.
- DEBATES
- Nature (with a little nurture)
- Nature for id, ego and superego, nurture for upbringing.
- Can't explain why high dopamine activity leads to schiz
- Oral fixation will lead to schiz
- Can't explain why high dopamine activity leads to schiz
- Nature for id, ego and superego, nurture for upbringing.
- Determinist-ic
- Oral fixation will lead to schiz
- No gender or cultural variations, so theory can be considered universal.
- Nature (with a little nurture)
- ISSUES
- No gender or cultural variations, so theory can be considered universal.
- CAN/CAN'T EXPLAIN
- This approach CAN'T explain:
- The late onset of schiz (surely childhood stress should lead to regression too?)
- Negative symptoms (e.g. flat effect)
- Can't be tested scientifically due to circular argument and based on unconscious processes (so can't make a hypothesis)
- If regression is to oral stage, then why isn't the behaviour of schiz more childlike?
- This theory CAN explain:
- Very good at explaining positive symptoms, as out of touch with reality.
- Why schiz is episodic (regression only happens at times of stress/upset, which isn't always occurring).
- This approach CAN'T explain:
- STUDIES
- RESEARCH METHODS
- Observed bias in some studies (observer wants to see specific behaviours)
- Retrospective report as oral stage is at 2 years, but schiz develops in late teens, early twenties.
- Success of psychothera-py could be due to extra attention.
- Correlational
- Unusual parental behaviour cause of schiz, or because of schiz?
- AO1
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