Psychodynamic Explanation for Bipolar

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  • Psychody Exp for Bipolar
    • AO2
      • SE: Rosenhan and Seligman found even during manic phases, bipolar patients voice more thoughts of suicide and hopelessness than clinically normal controls
        • Suggests depressed state doesn't entirely disappear when manic and that mania and depression coexist. What we'd expect if purpose of mania was to protect person from depressed id driven state.
        • But lacks val: relies on self report data = DC, say they feel like that because they have a mental disorder and are expected to feel abnormally when actually they don't
      • Alt exp: Bio exp states could be gen inherited, gen predisp etc
      • Not testable: based on unconscious mind, can't access it. Any attempt would be subjective. Can't set up an exp to est a C & E rel between bad carer rel/event and bipolar as we can't control lives to that extent
      • App to real life: parenting classes to teach parents to form good rel, inc resp to their needs approp and general info on how they should behave etc. If a child goes through a traumatic event therapy should be in place to ensure no emotions are repressed
      • **: blames parents and accuses them of being bad parents, public may feel offended by the fact that the id, such an aggressive state exists in us and can become dominant
    • AO1
      • Been suggested that having a bad rel with primary carer or exp a traumatic event eg child abuse could cause a person to repress bad feelings
        • anger, being alone, helplessness
        • goes into their unconscious
      • HE: child knows its parents are the only way it'll survive or may feel guilty/resp for what happened
        • Hence, direct anger towards themselves
      • Depression results from aggression from the id turned in against itself. Here lies a manifestation of the loss of self-esteem and worthlessness
        • When a bipolar patient is depressed, id is dominant in its struggle against the ego and superego
      • Mania occurs using denial based mechanisms
        • Here the ego tries to defend itself against the ids aggression
        • to protect them from feelings of worthlessness the ego invents a fantasy where the person is more successful/powerful than they really are
          • leads to the exaggerated self-esteem and grandiose delusions present in bipolar patient
    • "Ego-defense view"

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