Psycho-dynamic approach

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  • PSYCHO-DYNAMIC APPROACH Freud (1800s)
    • Assumptions
      • Our behaviour and feelings are affected by our unconscious
      • our behaviour and feelings are influenced by our childhood experiences
      • personality; id, ego, superego
    • The role of the unconscious
      • The Conscious; Small amount of mental activity we know about (thoughts and perceptions)
      • The Preconscious; what we can be aware of if we tried or wanted to have access too. (memories and stored knowledge)
      • The Unconscious; we are unaware of and cannot become aware of what is in here (Fears, unacceptable thoughts, immoral urges, traumas, etc.)
    • Structure of personality (Freud)
      • ID; preset from birth. Pleasure principle. wants all desires fulfilled immediately. Very important in early life as keeps us alive ensuring our needs are met,
      • THE EGO; Deals with Reality. Controls id. Reality principle. tries to satisfy id in a socially acceptable and reasonable way. functions in all 3 consciousnesses
      • THE SUPEREGO; holds moral standards and ideals we get from our parents and society.
        • The 'EGO IDEAL'; includes rules and standards for good behaviour. these behaviours are usually ones which have been approved by parents
        • The Conscience; includes info abour things that're viewed as bad from parents and society. These things are forbidden and cause feelings of guilt
    • Defence mechanisms
      • Displacement; redirecting thoughts feelings and behaviours onto another person or object.
      • Repression; unconscious blocking of unacceptable thoughts, feelings and impulses. Traumatic memories can be stored here, i.e. abuse.
      • Denial; refusal to accept reality. our most primitive DM.
    • psycho-sexual stages
      • Anal stage; infancy to 3 yrs
        • controlling bladder and bowel. If parents are too lenient with toilet training, children will have wasteful, destructive personality. Anal- explosive personality
      • Phallic stage; 3 to 6 yrs
        • children find the differences between M and F. Oedipus complex and Electra complex. sexual energy
          • Phallic personality; homosexual, narcissistic, reckless
      • Latency Stage; 6 to puberty.
        • Focus shifts onto relationships. Social and communication skills develop in this stage
      • Genital stage; puberty to adulthood.
        • Strong sexual interest in opposite sex develops
          • difficulty forming heterosexual relationships.
      • Oral Stage; 0 - 18 months
        • Focus of pleasure is oral.
          • Oral fixation, smoking over eating, biting nails etc.

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