psych social influence evaluation

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  • Created by: 14lquinn
  • Created on: 23-03-20 11:40
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  • social influence evaluation
    • Asch's research
      • a child of its time: Permin + Spencer found less conformity in 1980 than 1950s
      • artificial situation + task: demand characteristics = p's just played along with trivial task
      • limited application if findings: only conducted on american men
    • Types + explanations of conformity
      • research support for ISI: more conformity to incorrect maths answers when difficult
      • individual differences in NSI: affiliators want to be liked more
      • ISI + NSI work together: dissenter may reduce power of ISI + NSI
    • The Stanford Prison experiment
      • control: random assignment to roles increased internal validity
      • lack of realism: p's play acting roles according to media-derived stereotyopes
      • ethical issues: p's were not protected from harm etc + zimbardo dual role = sometimes acted in favour of experiment
    • Situational variables
      • research support: Bickman showed power of uniform in field experiment
      • lack of internal validity: some of Milgram's procedures contrived so not genuine obedience
      • cross-cultural replications: cross-cultural findings support Milgram, but almost all studies in similar cultures to USA so not very generalisable
    • Milgram's original obedience study
      • low internal validity: p's realised shocks were fake, but replication with real shocks got similar results
      • good external validity: findings generalise to other situations such as hospital wards
      • supporting replication: Game of Death found 80% gave max shock + similar behaviour to Milgram's p's
      • ethical issues: p's didn't know what the true experiment is + emotionally harmed
    • Agentic state
      • research support: Blass + Schmitt found that people do blame legitimate authority for p's behaviour
      • a limited explanation: cannot explain why some of Milgram's p's disobeyed
    • Legitimacy of authority
      • cultural differences: explains obedience in different cultures because reflects diff social hierarchies
    • The authoritarian personality
      • research support: some of Milgram's obedient p's had authoritarian personalities
      • limited explanation: can't explain increase in obedience across whole culture - better explanation is social identity theory
      • political bias: equates authoritarian personality with right-wing ideology + ignores extreme left-wing authoritarianism
      • correlation not causation
    • Social support
      • research support: conformity decreases when one person dissents even if not credible (Allen + Levine)
      • research support: obedience drops when disobedient role models are present (Gamson et al)
    • Locus of control
      • research support: internals less likely to fully obey in Milgram-type procedure (Holland)
      • contradictory research: people have become more external + disobedient recnetly (Twenge et al). Hard for LOC to explain
    • Minority influence
      • research support for consistency: Moscovici's blue-green slides + Wood et al's meta analysis
      • research support for depth of thought: minority views have longer effect because more deeply processed (Martin et al)
      • artificial tasks: tasks often trivial so tell us little about real life influence
    • Social change
      • research support: NSI valid explanation of social change e.g reducing energy consumption (Nolan et al)
      • only indirectly effective: effects of minority influence limited because they are indirect and appear later (Nemeth)
      • role of deeper processing: it is majority views that are processed more deeply than minority views, challenging central feature of minority influence

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