DNA and protein synthesis
- Created by: Sarah
- Created on: 26-01-15 09:29
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- PROTEINS AND DNA
- definitions
- GENE: a length of DNA that codes for one or more polypeptide
- POLYPEPTIDE: a polymer consisting of a chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
- GENOME:
- Protein examples
- haemoglobin
- antibodies
- channel proteins
- enzymes
- collagen
- keratin
- Genetic code
- TRIPLET CODE: 3 bases = 1 amino acid = 1 codon
- DEGENERATE CODE: amino acids have more than one code
- start and stop codons
- PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
- TRANSCRIPTION
- (1) gene unwinds and unzips and hydrogen bonds between base pairs break
- (4) activated RNA nucleotides bind to exposed bases
- A - G
- G - C
- catalysed by RNA polymerase
- (2) two phosphates release
- mRNA is produced
- complementary to TEMPLATE strand
- copy of CODING strand
- (3) RNA nucleotides are activated
- (5) two phosphates provide energy for bonding of adjacent nucleotides
- TRANSLATION
- the assembly of polypeptides at ribosomes
- ribosome moves along mRNA reading the codons and holding the codon-anticodon complex together until they form a bond
- (1) start codon
- AUG
- (2) tRNA brings complementary anticodon
- UAC
- methionine
- (3) second tRNA brings amino acid with complementary anticodon
- (4) peptide bond between adjacent amino acids
- peptidyl transferase
- (5) ribosome continues to move along the mRNA
- (6) stop codon
- UAA
- UAC
- UGA
- TRANSCRIPTION
- Ribosomes
- made of protein and rRNA
- small unit
- where the mRNA molecule binds
- Two codons (6 bases) attach at one time
- large unit
- protein structure
- primary
- The unique sequence of amino acids that makes up a protein
- secondary
- folding of the primary into alpha coils or beta-pleated sheets
- hydrogen bonds
- folding of the primary into alpha coils or beta-pleated sheets
- tertiary
- quartenary
- the combining of two or more polypeptide chains or with a prosthetic group
- primary
- definitions
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