Proteins
- Created by: Hannah Jeffery
- Created on: 17-02-14 13:01
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- Proteins
- functions
- structural components eg muscle and bone
- membrane carriers and pores eg active transport and facilitate diffusion
- all enzymes are proteins
- many hormones are proteins
- antibodies are proteins
- There large molecules called polymers
- they are made by joining monomers
- these are made of amino acids
- there are 20 main amino acids
- all amino acids have the same basic structure by their r group differs
- eg the r group in glycine is a hydrogen atom bonded to the second carbon
- they contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
- these are made of amino acids
- they are made by joining monomers
- a polypeptide chains is the backbone of a protein chain
- amino acids bond together in a condensation reaction to form a dipeptide
- as more and more amino acids join a polypeptide is formed
- both polypeptide and proteins are made on ribosomes during protein synthesis
- as mRNA passes through ribosome amino acids join together
- amino acids bond together in a condensation reaction to form a dipeptide
- the function of each protein is determined by its structure
- Primary structure
- the order of specific amino acids
- only peptide bonds are involved
- worked on by Fredrick Sanger
- secondary structure
- polypeptide chains fold to form a coiled alpha helix or beta-pleated sheet
- hydrogen bonds hold the coils in place
- tertiary structure
- a final three dimensional shape is built when the coils and pleats coil and fold themselves
- various points on the secondary structure are attracted t each other (intermolecular bonds)
- Quaternary structure
- made of more than one polypeptide unit or a polypeptide inorganic component
- e.g. insulin and haemoglobin
- Primary structure
- functions
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