Protein synthesis & RNA
- Created by: HeHeHe24
- Created on: 06-12-19 17:10
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- Protein Synthesis & RNA
- Genetic code
- universal
- same codon codes for same amino acid in every organism
- degenerate
- 1 amino acid is coded for by different codons
- 64 different codons
- Mutation
- incorrect sequence of bases
- spontaneous and random
- may lead to wrong protein being coded for
- may be advantageous
- evolutionary characteristic to help survive
- Gene
- section of DNA that codes for a specific codon
- complete base sequence
- universal
- RNA
- single stranded
- uracil replaces thymine
- ribose is pentose sugar
- 3 forms
- mRNA
- tRNA
- rRNA
- Transcription
- occurs in the nucleus
- (1) at start codon
- DNA helicase unzips
- breaks hydrogen bonds
- DNA helicase unzips
- (2) sense strand
- 5' to 3'
- codes for protein
- (3) antisense strand
- 3' to 5'
- acts as a template
- (4) RNA polymerase
- forms temporary hydrogen bonds
- between complementary bases
- A=> U
- 3 H+ bonds
- G=>C
- 2 H+ bonds
- A=> U
- (4) phosphodiester bonds form
- stop codon - mRNA leaves via nuclear pores
- Translation
- rRNA
- maintains stability if protein
- catalyses reactions
- Synthesises seqeunce
- mRNA
- binds to ribosome
- tRNA
- complementary anticodon
- 2 adjacent proteins
- peptide bonds form (needs ATP)
- primary structure of the protein
- peptide bonds form (needs ATP)
- continues still stop codon is reached
- leaves the ribosome in a vesicle
- at golgi apparatus - packaged into final 3D shape
- transported in a vesicle
- rRNA
- Genetic code
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