Protein Synthesis
- Created by: Charliegage
- Created on: 16-04-17 10:54
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- Protein Synthesis
- DNA
- Long Polypeptide chains
- Used as the base for mRNA
- Contains introns and exons
- Identical in every cell within an organism
- Contains genes
- Pyrimidine Bases: Cytosine Guanine
- Purine Bases: Adenine Thymine
- Deoxyribose sugar
- Hydrogen bonding between the two polypeptide chains
- Never leaves nuclear envelope
- Transcription
- 3. RNA nucleotides then form hydrogen bonds on one of the DNA strands
- 2. This exposes unpaired bases on the nucleotides of the DNA strands
- 4. This way a chain of RNA nucleotides which is complimentary to the DNA is formed
- 1. DNA Helicase unwinds part of the DNA strands
- 5. RNA polymerase then joined the ribose phosphate backbone of the RNA nucleotides
- 6. The molecule that has been formed is known as pre-mRNA
- It contains both introns and exons
- 7. Before the pre-mRNA leaves the nuclear envelope it has to be edited to remove the non-coding introns
- Once the editing is complete mRNA is left and can leave the nucleus
- Translation
- 7. Once the ribosome has read the entire sequence it releases the polypeptide chain and detaches from the mRNA
- 3. Ribosome can only use amino acids attached to tRNA
- 6. The amino acids are joined together to form a polypeptide chain
- 2. One or more ribosomes attach to the mRNA, each moves along reading the sequence of codons
- 5. The tRNA molecule carries an amino acid on a specific site
- The tRNA with a certain anticodon always carries the same amino acid
- 1. Newly formed mRNA moves to ribosomes in the cytoplasm
- Through nuclear pores in nuclear envelope
- 4. tRNA molecules have anticodons that pair with their complimentary codon
- RNA
- mRNA
- Involved in transcription and translation
- Single linear polypeptide chain
- Can leave the nuclear envelope through nuclear pore
- Base pairing for the amino acids in the formation of polypeptide chains
- tRNA
- Single clover -shaped polypeptide chain
- Brings amino acids to the ribosomes to form polypeptide chains
- Hydrogen bonds between some base pairs
- Has an anticodon complimentary codon
- Purine bases: Adenine Uracil
- Pyrimidine bases: Cytosine Guanine
- Ribose sugar
- mRNA
- DNA
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