Protein Synthesis
- Created by: katelingoody
- Created on: 03-03-17 09:33
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- Protein Synthesis
- DNA Base Sequence
- represents code for primary protein structure (amino acid sequence)
- 3 adjacent bases are required to code for a single amino acid.
- Triplet code: Allows 64 different triplet, but there are only 20 amino acids.
- Some amino acids have >1 triplet= DEGENER-ATE CODE.
- Triplet code: Allows 64 different triplet, but there are only 20 amino acids.
- Contains INTRONS (non coding sections) and EXONS (sections that code for amino acids)
- Transcription
- Occurs in the nucleus
- Converts DNA to mRNA for a single gene or protein.
- 1) DNA unzips at specific gene location- Hydrogen bonds break.
- 2) RNA nucleotides align:sugar-phosphate backbone forms.
- Phospho-diester bonds between nucleotides form.
- CATALYSED by RNA Polymerase.
- 2) RNA nucleotides align:sugar-phosphate backbone forms.
- 2) RNA nucleotides align:sugar-phosphate backbone forms.
- Phospho-diester bonds between nucleotides form.
- CATALYSED by RNA Polymerase.
- 3) mRNA detaches from DNA= pre-mRNA
- DNA double helix reforms.
- 4) Pre-mRNA converted to mRNA before releases through nuclear pores.
- DNA double helix
- In nucleus
- Codes for all genes
- 2 strands of nucleotide, held together by H bonding; coiled around each other.
- In nucleus
- Modifying pre-mRNA to form mRNA.
- 4) Pre-mRNA converted to mRNA before releases through nuclear pores.
- INTRONS are removed from pre-mRNA by enzymes
- This gives mRNA.
- Introns remain inside nucleus whilst exons exit.
- Translation
- Occurs are RIBOSOMES
- mRNA sequence used to assemble protein
- a) Enzyme Activation
- Bonds a specific amino acid to a specific tRNA molecule.
- tRNA: Single strand, but complementary pairs when it coils, forming a clover leaf shape.
- Folding of RNA creates an ANTICODON at one end.
- tRNA: Single strand, but complementary pairs when it coils, forming a clover leaf shape.
- Bonds a specific amino acid to a specific tRNA molecule.
- b) Assembly of polypeptide
- Ribosome reads mRNA Codons
- This allows a complemen-tary tRNA Anticodon to align and bind.
- Adjacent amino acids form peptide bonds by condensation.
- This allows a complemen-tary tRNA Anticodon to align and bind.
- Ribosome reads mRNA Codons
- tRNA detaches and 'picks up' another specific amino acid.
- Polypeptide released once a 'stop' codon is reached.
- DNA Base Sequence
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