Protective barriers from infection
A summary of the protective barriers from infection and entry routed for pathogens
- Created by: Eva
- Created on: 10-01-13 13:05
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- Protective barriers from infection
- Entry routes for pathogens
- Vectors like insects
- Fomites (non-animate objects like hospital bedding and make up)
- Direct contact
- Sexual
- Through children
- Inhalation (e.g. cough, sneeze, talk)
- Ingestion
- Raw or undercooked meat
- Contaminated food/drinik
- Inoculation (skin breakage)
- Needles and contaminated medical instuments
- Bite from animal
- Puncture from thorn, knife or rust/stone
- Skin: impenetrable and secretes sebum which contains chemicals that inhibit the growth of bacteri but not adapted skin flora
- Epithelial layers: in nose and gut. Secrete musuc trapping pathogens
- Mucus: contains lyzosyme which destroys cells walls like in gram+ve bacteria
- Mucus: contains lyzosyme which destroys cells walls like in gram+ve bacteria
- Lyzozyme: in tears to protect eyes
- Lining of the systems: urinary tract constantly washed with urine and cilia cells brush pathogens away from respiratory tract
- Phagocytes: injest pathogens
- Saliva and Stomach acid: saliva has bacteriocidal properties and HCl stomach acid pH 2 kills bacteria
- Gut flora outcompete other pathogens for nutrients and space
- Blood clotting mechanisms: fibrinogen, thrombin, blood platelets and RBCs help stop infection from broken skin
- Vomiting; directly removes microorganisms
- Entry routes for pathogens
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