Prophets of White Destruction

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  • Prophets of White Destruction
    • Chato and Geronmio led a campaign from Mexico
      • 1881, medicine man- Nakaidoklini said his medicine could raise dead warriors and clear the settlers from Arizona
      • Led to a revolt by reservation Apaches and a munity by Apache army scouts- 30th August 1881
        • Followed a cruel cross border campaign led by Chato and the non-chief Goyathlay/Geronimo
        • Only defeated by cooperation between the US and Mexican governments in 1883 and 1884
          • Main officers involved were Generals Crook and Miles
      • Several more outbreaks of Native American violence occurred,some fulled by alcohol
        • Geronimo surrendered for the final time on 4th Sept. 1886
    • Ghost Dancers and Wounded Knee-29th Dec. 1890
      • The seer Wovoka taught that a special Ghost Dance could raise dead and bring a new world free from settlers
        • He opposed to violence, but his teachings were taken as a call for war
      • Some Sioux followers of the movement believed that special shirts would protect them from the bullets of Americans
      • Sitting Bull had retreated into Canada after the 1876 campaign
        • He joined Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show in 1885, but soon returned to the reservation
        • Was killed in a bungled attempt to arrest him on 15th Dec. 1890
          • Government wrongly thought he was a leader of the Ghost Dance movement
      • At roughly the same time Big Foot of the Sioux was camped at Wounded Knee to avoid the trouble
      • Troops caught up with him and tried to disarm to Sioux
        • One warrior fired a shot. Troops responded with a volley, killing 52
        • Survivors went on to fight by hand
      • The battle escalated when more warriors from the Agency camp nearby heard the gunfire and swarmed out, shooting at the soldiers, the disappearing into the prairie
    • The Battle of the Wounded Knee cost the lives of some 150 Sioux
      • 60 women and children, 25 soldiers
    • Marked the final suppression of Native Americans by armed force
      • By mid Jan 1891, the dispersed warriors had all surrendered
    • The sight of ghost-dance shirts pierced by bullets destroyed the tribes' faith in a magical restoration of the old way of life
      • The reservation was reluctantly accepted as home

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