Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- Created by: Emily Cartwright
- Created on: 27-02-14 19:37
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- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- Prokaryotic Cells
- Have no membrane bound organelles
- Also includes some unicellular organisms with no nucleus (e.g. bacteria)
- Cell Membrane
- DNA
- Mesosome
- Ribosome
- Cell Wall
- Cytoplasm
- Plasmid
- Plius
- Flagellum
- Have no membrane bound organelles
- Eukaryotic Cells
- Have membrane bound organelles
- Exterior cell membrane (plasma membrane) which encloses the cytoplasm of the cell
- The cytoplasm is a gel-like substance that contains the cell's organelles
- Also has internal membranes surrounds some of the organelles. They are important because they;
- Provide a surface to which enzymes can attach and on which reactions can occur
- Contain harmful chemicals or enzymes stopping them from damaging or breaking down structures in the cell
- Act as a transport system
- Animal Cell
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Nucleolus
- Nucleoplasm
- Nuclear Envelope
- Cell Membrane
- Plant Cell
- Middle Lamellae
- Nucleus
- Nuclear Envelope
- Nucleolus
- Nucleoplasm
- Vacuole containing sap
- Cell Membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Chloroplast
- Tonoplast
- Cell Wall
- Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic
- Prokaryotic (bacterial cell)
- No nucleus- DNA free in the cytoplasm
- No membrane bound organelles
- Small ribosomes (70s)
- Slime capsule- protection
- DNA is circular
- Cell wall made of murein
- Contains plasmids (small circular structures of DNA)
- Site of respiration is the mesosomes
- Eukaryotic (animal or plant cell)
- DNA bound by nuclear membrane
- Contains membrane bound organelles
- Larger ribosomes (80s)
- No slime capsule around cell wall
- DNA as linear strands (chromosomes)
- Cell wall made of cellulose
- No plasmids present
- Mitochondria is the site of respiration
- Prokaryotic (bacterial cell)
- Cells are the basic unit of a living organism
- Viruses
- Consist of DNA or RNA (not both) enclosed in a protein coat (matrix). They contain no cytoplasm
- Cell Differentiation
- As eukaryotic cells evolved into multicellular organisms, there has to be specialisation of different cell differentiations where cells become adapted to their function
- A tissue is a group of similar cells working together to carry out the same function
- Muscle
- Striated/Skeletal
- Strong, Quick, Discontinuous, Voluntary
- Contraction e.g. Biceps
- Strong, Quick, Discontinuous, Voluntary
- Cardiac
- Strong, Quick, Continuous, Involuntary
- Contraction
- Strong, Quick, Continuous, Involuntary
- Smooth
- Weak, Slow, Involuntary
- Contraction e.g. Diaphragm
- Weak, Slow, Involuntary
- Striated/Skeletal
- Epithelia
- Ciliated
- Microvilli
- Cytoplasm
- Cell Membrane
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Cuboidal
- Found lining body cavities and tubes
- Function
- Absorption e.g. of products of digestion in intestinal system
- Adaptations
- Microvilli - Increases surface area of cell membrane for absorption
- Cilia - Trap and move particles e.g. respiratory tract
- Mitochondria - Many to carry out aerobic respiration, making ATP for active transport
- Enzymes - Complete digestion so the products have a short diffusion pathway into the cell
- Ciliated
- Connective Tissue (Collagen)
- Secondary Protein
- Fibroblasts
- Provides structural framework for many tissues
- Most common cells of connective tissue in animals
- Muscle
- Organs: A group of several tissues joining together to carry out a particular function for the whole organism
- Prokaryotic Cells
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