Presbyterians and religious radicalism
- Created by: Tori
- Created on: 16-04-20 12:08
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- Presbyterians and religious radicalism
- Charles I's policies towards Scotland
- In 1625 when Charles became King, he didn't visit Scotland for his coronation until 1633.
- His elaborate corination was not designed to win the support of the Scottish elite.
- They were prominantly Presbyerian and strongly opposed to Arminianism.
- During his Scottish visit, Charles announced his intention to replace the Scottish Prayer Book.
- He wanted uniformity of religious practice in both England and Scotland.
- Scottish Presbyterians saw this as a threat to their independance
- Thus, they prepared to resist Charles' policy.
- His elaborate corination was not designed to win the support of the Scottish elite.
- The Scottish Rebellion
- 23rd July 1637, the Laudian prayer book was read for the first time in Scotland.
- Triggered widespread opposition across Scotland.
- Became known as the Scottish Rebellion.
- The Presbyterian Scots wanted to show Charles that he should withdraw the prayer book.
- They wanted him to stop meddling in what they regarded as their area of influence.
- Triggered widespread opposition across Scotland.
- 1638, 300,000 Scots signed the National Covenant in protest against Charles' actions.
- Charles was determined to crush the growing movement that came from the Scottish Rebellion.
- However, this only escalated the revolt to become the Bishop' Wars.
- Some regard these as the start of the British Civil Wars.
- However, this only escalated the revolt to become the Bishop' Wars.
- Charles was determined to crush the growing movement that came from the Scottish Rebellion.
- 23rd July 1637, the Laudian prayer book was read for the first time in Scotland.
- In 1625 when Charles became King, he didn't visit Scotland for his coronation until 1633.
- Religious Radicalism
- The Scottish Rebellion weakened Charles' authority over church and state, thus was a key factor leading to the outbreak of civil war in 1642.
- During and after the civil war, religious divisions multiplied, with the creation of a number of radical religious groups.
- Other Radical Religious Groups:
- Baptists
- Believed in adult (rather than infant) baptism.
- Separated from the CoE and preached that only those 'born again' through adult baptism would get salvation.
- Ranters
- Included many radical writers.
- Not an organised group, but they rejected all forms of organised religion.
- Even rejected the concept of sin.
- Millenarians
- Believed Jesus would return to Earth and reign for 1,000 years.
- Muggletonians
- Followers of Lodowicke Muggleton and John Reeve.
- Claimed that after the execution of Charles I, the end of the world was imminent.
- 5th Monarchists
- Radicals millenarians who, by 1650, had formed into a political grouping under Major-General Thomas Harrison.
- Believed there were 4 ancient monarchies that would precede the Kingdom of Christ.
- Baptists
- The Quakers
- Most significant form of relgious radicalism that developed in the 1650's.
- Its developement was linked to the New Model Army as many Quakers had served in it.
- Significant for 2 reasons:
- By the late 1650's the Quaker movement had grown to about 50,000 members.
- Before 1660, they were willing to take direct political action.
- The commitment to political action included a willingness to use violence if necessary to achieve their aims.
- Most radical groups would not take such direct action, thus Quakers stood out as dangerous.
- The commitment to political action included a willingness to use violence if necessary to achieve their aims.
- Fear of the Quakers increased after 1658.
- As political order broke down after Cromwell's death, the Quakers became more significant.
- Quaker numbers increased and their cheif patron, the New Model Army General Lambert, became more influential.
- Restoration of the monarchy was seen by the political elite as a way of reimposing order.
- Believed it would removethe threat of a military dictatorship under Lambert, based on Quaker support.
- As political order broke down after Cromwell's death, the Quakers became more significant.
- Most significant form of relgious radicalism that developed in the 1650's.
- The Scottish Rebellion weakened Charles' authority over church and state, thus was a key factor leading to the outbreak of civil war in 1642.
- Charles I's policies towards Scotland
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