Prejudice
- Created by: meghampton
- Created on: 23-05-16 19:49
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- Prejudice
- Stereotypes
- Stereotype - an oversimplified, generalised set of ideas that we have about others
- Advantages
- helpful to make snap judgements
- enable us to remember information about people
- enable us to fit in with our groups and feel a sense of belonging
- Disadvantages
- don't see the real person
- create harmful images
- we make mistakes about people
- once learnt they are difficult to overcome
- Prejudice - a rigid set of attitudes + beliefs toward particular group of people.
- Discrimination - the way somebody behaves towards another person based on their prejudiced view
- Adorno - 1950
- aimed to find out if there is a relationship between a person's personality type + prejudiced beliefs
- hundreds of people interviewed + tested using the F-scale
- found a relationship between personality traits + prejudiced views
- there is an authoritarian personality + people with these characteristics are highly likely to be prejudiced
- Evaluation
- doesn't explain why people are prejudiced to specific groups
- done in America - cant be generalised
- cant determine cause and effect
- Sherif - 1961
- aimed to find out if prejudice develops when groups are in competition for scarce resources
- American summer camp organised for 22 boys
- randomly split into 2 groups - unaware of each other
- after a while the groups discovered each other + competitions began
- very quickly the teams began unpleasant name calling towards each other + tried to attack each other
- competition is a cause of prejudice
- Evaluation
- artificial - doesn't reflect real life
- 12, white, middle class, American - cant be generalised
- has real life implications
- Tajfel - 1970
- aimed to show how easily people discriminate against out-groups
- 14-15 year old boys randomly assigned to 2 groups
- given a game where he had to award pairs of points, told the points could be swapped for prizes
- boys awarded points by choosing pairings that created the biggest difference between the group not what gave them the most points
- people will discriminate against others if they are members of an out group
- Steele 1997
- stereotype threat - being at risk of conforming to a negative stereotype about your own group
- gave black and white college students a test
- stereotype threat condition - told test was based on intellectual ability
- no threat condition - told test was a problem solving lab-task
- in stereotype threat condition black people performed worse
- Elliot 1977
- aimed to teach her class how it felt be victims of discrimination
- told class - blue eyed children are better than brown eyed children
- blue eyed children became delighted + arrogant
- brown eyed children were saddened + confused
- next day - reversed experiment - behaviours switched
- believed children would grow up to be more tolerant towards each other
- Ways to overcome prejudice
- Sherif's 1961 study showed that if a group is placed to do an important task they will work together to reach a common goal
- Aronson's "jigsaw method" - placed people of different races together + gave them a responsibility to complete the lesson - found prejudiced views were reduced
- in workplace or school prejudice can be reduced
- Elliott's study 1977 reduced children's prejudice beliefs as they grew up
- questionnaires to challenge beliefs
- Stereotypes
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