Population Change Case Studies
- Created by: SidneyTucker
- Created on: 13-02-17 13:03
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- Population Change Case Studies
- Problems of rapid population growth
- MDC approach
- The one child policy, established in 1979, meant that each couple was allowed just one child.
- Long term implications
- The government introduced the 'one child policy' in the hope that the population would stabilise at about 1.2 billion early in the 21st century
- Fewer people of working age to support the growing number of elderly dependants - in the future China would have an ageing population
- The falling birth rate - leading to a rise in the relative number of elderly people
- Couples can now apply to have a second child if their first child is a girl, or if both parents are themselves only children.
- Problems
- Forced abortions and sterilizations have been reported
- 2/3 of China's population are peasant farmers living in rural areas, these couples want large families to help them work in the fields and to look after them in their old age
- Young men are having difficulty in finding partners because of the shortage of women
- Chinese culture holds boys in higher esteem than girls, as a result baby girls have been killed by couples who want a son
- Benefits/ impacts
- Childcare and healthcare offered to families that followed this rule.
- The birth rate in China has fallen since 1979, and the rate of population growth is now 0.7 per cent
- Increased access to education for all
- Long term implications
- The one child policy, established in 1979, meant that each couple was allowed just one child.
- LDC approach
- Kerala is an Indian state in the Southwest of the country. It is one of India's most densely populated states but it has the countries lowest birth rates.
- Kerala has managed to control its population growth by investigating in healthcare and education while still allowing people the freedom to choose their own family size. However, Kerala could stop growing within 30b years.
- This could create new problems: Kerala could become an ageing state with low fertility and mortality. This could provide economic problems for the government with an ageing population because they don't bring in taxes and they cost a lot of money to keep healthy in hospitals and medical centres.
- Kerala has managed to control its population growth by investigating in healthcare and education while still allowing people the freedom to choose their own family size. However, Kerala could stop growing within 30b years.
- Women in Kerala marry on average 4 years later and have their first child 5 years later than other Indian women.
- 91% of people in Kerala are literate compared to 61% in India
- Improving child health through vaccination programmes
- Kerala is an Indian state in the Southwest of the country. It is one of India's most densely populated states but it has the countries lowest birth rates.
- MDC approach
- Ageing Population
- Problems
- Areas of the UK with a high percentage of old people are unattractive to young people, they do not want to live there
- An elderly population is a major challenge for the heath service. Old people suffer more problems such as needing eye operations and hip replacements, they have more heart problems. This puts more pressure on doctors, chemists and hospitals.
- Dispersed settlement pattern- the elderly live in spread out communities. Transport links are vital to transport people around as many cannot drive or afford a car and some of them will have lost their licence.
- Because there is a high number of elderly more pension funds are needed, this puts a strain in the economically active who pay for the pensions via national health contributions
- Dispersed settlement pattern- the elderly live in spread out communities. Transport links are vital to transport people around as many cannot drive or afford a car and some of them will have lost their licence.
- Benefits
- Old people contribute £215 billion to the economy
- Grandparents look after grandchildren so parents can work saving millions of pounds each year
- Old people contribute £215 billion to the economy
- Strategies
- Older people at the heart of families
- Provide financial help for grandparents who care for grandchildren
- Building communities for all ages
- Working with developers and architects to build homes suitable for older people, e.g. with doorways wide enough for wheelchairs
- Better public services for later life
- Introduce a health 'prevention package' to bring together things like flu vaccinations, cancer checks
- Improving financial support
- Provide extra winter fuel payments for the elderly
- Older people at the heart of families
- Problems
- Problems of rapid population growth
- Previous Chinese governments had encouraged people to have a lot of children to increase the country's workforce. But by the 1970 s the government realised that current rates of population growth would soon become unsustainable
- In 1950, the rate of population change in China was 1.9 percent each year. A growth rate of only 3 per cent will cause the population of the country to double in less than 24 years!
- Rapid increase in demand for resources and therefore greater strain on the government to provide these resources which can cause corruption and slow development
- MIgration
- Poland
- Positive impacts
- The vast majority of migrants return to Poland with greater wealth, better language skills and possibly training acquired to their work.
- Negative impacts
- Loss of skilled workers, especially in the construction sector
- Mainly the economically active are leaving Poland which is increasing the dependancy ratio
- Increase in elderly population as young students are more likely to move to start a new life and so produces ageing population which puts more strain on health service and government funds
- Mainly the economically active are leaving Poland which is increasing the dependancy ratio
- Loss of skilled workers, especially in the construction sector
- Positive impacts
- United Kingdom
- Negative impacts
- Migration has caused some racial tension between Brits and migrants. Some political parties like the BNP seen an increase in support
- Cost of providing healthcare and housing to workers and their families
- Refugee movements to the EU (African to Spain)
- Why do they move?
- Their lives at risk in their home country causing them to leave
- Higher wages in the EU so they will be able to save money and send home to relatives
- To escape extreme poverty, lack of healthcare, education, food and water- also to feel safe
- Poor quality housing in source country which lacks running water and sanitation
- Their lives at risk in their home country causing them to leave
- What are the impacts?
- A strain on medical centres, doctors, schools and hospitals because they have to cater for more people
- Local unrest between people born in the destination countries and the new migrants
- Some migrants get involved in crime, drugs and prostitution
- Some countries don't grant asylum so the migrants get sent back to their destination country or people dye on the journey attemoting to cross the borders
- Why do they move?
- Migration has caused some racial tension between Brits and migrants. Some political parties like the BNP seen an increase in support
- Positive impacts
- Migrants can reduce production costs and make UK manufacturing more competitive by accepting the minimum wage
- The majority of Poles stay in the UK because they have jobs therefore the majority are paying taxes
- Skilled workers like plumbers and electricians have migrated filling many shortages in the UK as well as young educated citizens that can contribute to other industries
- The majority of Poles stay in the UK because they have jobs therefore the majority are paying taxes
- Migrants can reduce production costs and make UK manufacturing more competitive by accepting the minimum wage
- Negative impacts
- Poland
- Problems of rapid population growth
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