Population change (1)

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  • Population change: Britain 1700-2000
    • population growth slow 18th century
      • Birth and deaths rates high
    • Agriculture and industrialisation
      • agriculture output increases
      • people moved from food production to new factory based industries
      • towns seen as unhealthy and had higher risk of infection
      • Government did little to improve
        • individuals left to improve living conditions
          • such as voluntary hospitals and nursing homes
    • 7 million in 1700 to 10.5 million in 1801
      • Social and economic conditions were poor
    • End of 18th century
      • important social and economic changes
    • Improved healthcare
      • the vaccination against smallpox was one of the most significant medical developments in 18th C
      • medical advances and improvements in agriculture = more  disposable income
      • Food consumption increased
        • better understanding of nutrition
        • resulted in a healthier population and decrease in morality rates
    • death rates fell through 18th C - birth rates still high
      • high birth rates due to
        • lack of birth control
        • the need for large fanilies
        • youthful population structure
      • Death rate- 25 per 1000, birth rate - 37 per thousan
    • 19th Century
      • death rate continued to fall as social and economic conditions saw improvements
      • government pursue policies and fund projects to improve medical and sanity conditions
      • Public Health Act of 1848 provided clean water
        • reduced number of deaths from diseases such as Typhoid
      • improvement in hygiene caused a decrease in occurrence and spread of infectious diseases
      • death rate - 17 per 1000, birth rate - 26 per 1000
      • Martial benefits for smaller families
      • fewer children died in  infancy
    • Employment in 19th C
      • life improving for working class
      • many opportunites for employment
        • factories, shipyards or growing service sector
      • disposable incomes were rising
      • child labour abolished since 1833

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