Polysaccharides
- Created by: Rebecca Mee
- Created on: 19-04-13 19:04
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- Polysaccharides
- Starch
- Function= plant storage polysaccharide.
- Amylose:- made of alpha glucose molecules bound together bt 1-4 glycosidic bonds. Helix shape with weak hydrogen bonds.
- Amylopectin:- made of alpha glucose molecules bound together by 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds. Compact but branched structure.
- Both amylose and amylopectin are broken down by amylase into maltose (amylopectin is broken down quicker because it has more ends).
- Glycogen
- Function=animal storage polysaccharide mainly in muscle and liver cells.
- Similar in structure to amylopectin but it has more 1-6 glycosidic bonds and so forms more branches.
- Can be hydrolysed to glucose by glycogen phosphorylase very quickily.
- Cellulose
- Function=structural moleculeforming strong, rigid fibres of plant cell walls.
- Made of B-glucose.
- To form 1-4 glycosidic bonds, every other glucose molecule is inverted-this forms a straight chain.
- Loads of straight chains:- large number of hydrogen bonds gives the fibres strength.
- Broken down by cellulase. The microfibrils are bonded together, very strong and rigid for plant cell walls-for turgidness.
- Starch
- Enables their functions: Compact structure, Insoluble in water, branched structure-hydolyses quicker.
- Starch
- Function= plant storage polysaccharide.
- Amylose:- made of alpha glucose molecules bound together bt 1-4 glycosidic bonds. Helix shape with weak hydrogen bonds.
- Amylopectin:- made of alpha glucose molecules bound together by 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds. Compact but branched structure.
- Both amylose and amylopectin are broken down by amylase into maltose (amylopectin is broken down quicker because it has more ends).
- Glycogen
- Function=animal storage polysaccharide mainly in muscle and liver cells.
- Similar in structure to amylopectin but it has more 1-6 glycosidic bonds and so forms more branches.
- Can be hydrolysed to glucose by glycogen phosphorylase very quickily.
- Starch
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