POLITICAL CRISIS
- Created by: catrionabucknell_
- Created on: 02-06-16 12:37
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- POLITICAL CRISIS 1973-1980
- WATERGATE
- resulted in limited political powers
- 1975 Hughes Ryan amendment to the Privacy Act of 1974
- president must inform congress of all undercover operations
- 1973 War Powers Act
- limited power of US presidents to use military force abroad
- result of Nixon's military use in South Asia
- Ethics in Government Act 1978
- required all senior officials to disclose finances
- created Office of Gov. Ethics
- required all senior officials to disclose finances
- 1975 Hughes Ryan amendment to the Privacy Act of 1974
- social consequence
- lack of trust from the public in the gov.
- Ford and Carter had to be open and truthful with their policies
- Nixon's reputation was in tatters
- lost support and people opposed him
- lack of trust from the public in the gov.
- resulted in limited political powers
- ENVIRON-MENTALISM
- Key concern in elections, especially for young
- influenced by 'silent spring' Rachel Carson 1963
- environmental acts passed
- Clean Air Act 1970
- Endangered Species Act 1973
- Toxic Substance Control Act 1976
- environment agencies set up
- EPA environmental protection agency
- OSHA 1970
- Carter years (1977-1981) major issues
- 1978 Love Canal filled with foul smelling industrial waste
- residents suffered chromosomal damage
- NY state spent $30 million to clean up canal
- residents suffered chromosomal damage
- 1979 nuclear accident at 3 mile island Pennsylvania
- nuclear reactor exploded, 10,000 fled
- no new power stations built
- nuclear reactor exploded, 10,000 fled
- plan to build Tellico Damn on Little Tennessee River
- using ES act managed to oppose buidling
- however built in 1978 after E and W DA act.
- using ES act managed to oppose buidling
- 1978 Love Canal filled with foul smelling industrial waste
- had some victories e.g.
- helped force Alaska Lands Law
- doubled acreage of land for national parks
- wildlife refuges were extended
- e.g. Elk Wildlife Refuge Wyoming
- superfund created
- $1 billion spent clearing up toxic sites
- helped force Alaska Lands Law
- Key concern in elections, especially for young
- ECONOMY
- FORD
- inherited rising inflation + unemployed
- unemploy rose to 11%
- economic recession 1974-1975
- set up WIP as a voluntary restraint
- not compulsory
- cut federal spending to curb rising prices
- however not a big enough response
- inherited rising inflation + unemployed
- CARTER
- results of OPEC oil crisis
- promoted alternative energy sources
- us fuel consumption fell 10% 1979-1983
- comprehensive energy programme NEP
- not introduced till 1978
- department of energy
- speed limits to reduce fuel consumption
- promoted alternative energy sources
- little to control inflation
- increased 6% 1977 to 10% 1978
- unable to control stagflation
- initial drop in unemployment from 8-7% in 1977
- then rose, 10% in 1978
- interest rates 20%
- inflation 12-13%
- initial drop in unemployment from 8-7% in 1977
- results of OPEC oil crisis
- FORD
- FOREIGN AFFAIRS
- FORD
- face the embarrassment of losing the vietnam war
- CARTER
- Iranian crisis November 1979 - 66 hostages, 444 day crisis
- April 1980 military mission to free hostages ended in disaster
- military planes crashed in desert
- images shown on TV
- US Secretary of State, Cyrus Vance resigned
- military planes crashed in desert
- April 1980 military mission to free hostages ended in disaster
- 1979 USSR invasion of Afghanistan
- detrioration in Cold War - US boycotted 1980 Moscow Olympics
- Iranian crisis November 1979 - 66 hostages, 444 day crisis
- FORD
- POPULARITY
- FORD
- gave Nixon a full pardon for all crimes
- September 8th 1974
- low voter turn out
- 1950's/60's turn out of 60% byt in 1976 54%
- congressional election 1978 38%
- dissinterest among the youth
- low income areas such as South Bronx 21.8%
- was never elected became President through vice
- however developed reputation of honesty
- barley won his own party nomination
- gave Nixon a full pardon for all crimes
- CARTER
- low voter turnout again
- 1980 53% voted in election
- lost to Reagan 44m to 35.5m votes
- due to inability to work with congress
- failure in foreign affairs
- more laid back, e.g. wore casual clothes
- showed lack of experience
- low voter turnout again
- FORD
- WATERGATE
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