Plato
Ancient Philosophical Influences: Plato
- Created by: malfoymanor
- Created on: 10-01-19 19:07
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- Plato
- Plato's influences
- Socrates c.469-399 BC
- Plato's teacher
- taught through asking questions and probing the answers
- death caused Plato to become outraged gov. + pursue career in philo
- Plato's teacher
- Heraclitus c.535-475 BC
- Plato disagreed with him.
- 'You cannot stem into the same stream twice'
- P. said things must be fixed & certain so we can have fixed & certain knowledge
- Plato disagreed with him.
- P. said things must be fixed & certain so we can have fixed & certain knowledge
- Pythagorus c.570-495 BC
- Was fascinated by mathematics
- Logical thinking & work influenced P.
- Pythagoreans made a distinction between material body and soul.
- Logical thinking & work influenced P.
- Was fascinated by mathematics
- Socrates c.469-399 BC
- Understanding of reality
- Rationalist
- a priori knowledge
- recognised that the world is constantly changing
- cannot gain true knowledge from empirical world
- there musts be fixed, permanent word we can gain true knowledge from
- the impermanent world that we know (experience with the senses)
- there musts be fixed, permanent word we can gain true knowledge from
- cannot gain true knowledge from empirical world
- the Forms
- criticisms
- Richard Dawkins
- It is nonsense to talk about a world beyond our own.
- We can still study this world and gain useful knowledge
- R + scientists
- The Selfish Gene - 'memes'
- passing on ideas - how we know about things (they have been taught to us)
- It is nonsense to talk about a world beyond our own.
- AJ Ayer
- goodness is non-cognitive & subjective ? can't be one perfect form
- P. assumes nouns, e.g beauty & truth, have a physical quality
- A. + other philosophers
- Karl Popper
- P. wants certainty in an uncertain world. This does not mean that it exists in a anohter world
- Aristotle
- The third man argument
- A man is a copy of the form of man. There must be a copy of this copy in the realm of the forms and a copy of this copy etc.
- Is there infinite regress?
- Every object has a copy in the realm of the forms
- A man is a copy of the form of man. There must be a copy of this copy in the realm of the forms and a copy of this copy etc.
- The forms serve no practical use
- Knowledge of the form health is meaningless
- no such thing as perfect health - relative to age
- doesn't help a doctor in diagnosis
- practical knowledge more helpful
- Knowledge of the form health is meaningless
- The third man argument
- Richard Dawkins
- how can we recognise the forms?
- Socrates asked a boy a question about geometry and he got it wrong
- He answered the boy's questions until he got it right
- he wasn't told the answer, he must've remembered the form of Algebra
- He answered the boy's questions until he got it right
- we were born with a dim recollection of them form existence in that realm
- P. believed in an eternal soul
- he wasn't told the answer, he must've remembered the form of Algebra
- Socrates asked a boy a question about geometry and he got it wrong
- the nature of the forms
- they are the essence of a thing, their perfect state
- the hierachy of the forms
- Higher forms
- Aspects of goodness e.g love, wisdom
- The Form of the Good
- Illuminates the other forms
- Lower forms
- more specific + closely related to material objects e.g form of softness
- Physical objects (see divided line)
- Higher forms
- criticisms
- the realm of appearances
- Rationalist
- the Forms
- criticisms
- Richard Dawkins
- It is nonsense to talk about a world beyond our own.
- We can still study this world and gain useful knowledge
- R + scientists
- The Selfish Gene - 'memes'
- passing on ideas - how we know about things (they have been taught to us)
- It is nonsense to talk about a world beyond our own.
- AJ Ayer
- goodness is non-cognitive & subjective ? can't be one perfect form
- P. assumes nouns, e.g beauty & truth, have a physical quality
- A. + other philosophers
- Karl Popper
- P. wants certainty in an uncertain world. This does not mean that it exists in a anohter world
- Aristotle
- The third man argument
- A man is a copy of the form of man. There must be a copy of this copy in the realm of the forms and a copy of this copy etc.
- Is there infinite regress?
- Every object has a copy in the realm of the forms
- A man is a copy of the form of man. There must be a copy of this copy in the realm of the forms and a copy of this copy etc.
- The forms serve no practical use
- Knowledge of the form health is meaningless
- no such thing as perfect health - relative to age
- doesn't help a doctor in diagnosis
- practical knowledge more helpful
- Knowledge of the form health is meaningless
- The third man argument
- Richard Dawkins
- how can we recognise the forms?
- Socrates asked a boy a question about geometry and he got it wrong
- He answered the boy's questions until he got it right
- He answered the boy's questions until he got it right
- we were born with a dim recollection of them form existence in that realm
- P. believed in an eternal soul
- Socrates asked a boy a question about geometry and he got it wrong
- the nature of the forms
- they are the essence of a thing, their perfect state
- the hierachy of the forms
- Higher forms
- Aspects of goodness e.g love, wisdom
- The Form of the Good
- Illuminates the other forms
- Lower forms
- more specific + closely related to material objects e.g form of softness
- Physical objects (see divided line)
- Higher forms
- criticisms
- The analogy of the cave
- Interpretations
- Political allegory
- politicians are the puppet masters who manipulate unsuspecting public
- the ones who made it out of the cave are 'Philosopher Kings' and are fit to run society
- P. was very anti-gov after Soc. + he wanted philosophers in power.
- A criticism of our lives
- we are chained to superficialities & truth is what is known via senses
- media are puppet masters
- we are chained to superficialities & truth is what is known via senses
- A criticism of science
- too much emphasis on what is known via senses
- Political allegory
- what it represents
- SHADOWS - our perception of what is real
- OBJECTS - images of the forms
- PUPPET MASTERS - not truly enlightened people that want power
- they stop people from searching for the truth
- PUPPET MASTERS - not truly enlightened people that want power
- OBJECTS - images of the forms
- FIRE - unenlightened light (our sun)
- SUN - the form of the good
- PRISONERS - people trapped by limited understanding
- FREE MAN - philosophers
- CAVE - world of illusions
- OUTSIDE WORLD - world of the forms, 'reality'
- SHADOWS - our perception of what is real
- Some prisoners are chained to a wall and all they can see are shadows on the wall
- One of the prisoners are released and is initially blinded by the fires that caused the shadows on the wall
- He makes the difficult journey out of the cave and is blinded again by the sun. He now sees true reality
- They had only known the shadows so they see them as their reality
- One of the prisoners are released and is initially blinded by the fires that caused the shadows on the wall
- Interpretations
- Plato's timeline
- c. 407 BC Plato met Socrates
- Socrates c.469-399 BC
- Plato's teacher
- taught through asking questions and probing the answers
- death caused Plato to become outraged gov. + pursue career in philo
- Plato's teacher
- Socrates c.469-399 BC
- c. 404 BC Athenian war with Sparta ended
- democracy removed and 30 tyrants in charge (2 related to Plato)
- was almost convinced to become a politician until he saw what the Spartans did
- democracy removed and 30 tyrants in charge (2 related to Plato)
- c. 399 BC Socrates sentenced to death for 'corrupting youth' - encouraging to think in new ways
- Plato travels for 12 years, studying
- c. 388 BC returned to Athens and founded the Academy
- Plato travels for 12 years, studying
- c. 365 BC Plato begins teaching Aristotle
- c. 407 BC Plato met Socrates
- c. 427-347 BC
- the Republic
- Plato's influences
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