Plant and Animal Diseases
- Created by: katelingoody
- Created on: 20-01-17 11:45
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- Plant and Animal Diseases
- Communicable
- Can be transferred from one organism to another
- Zoonosis- can be spread between members of the same and different species
- Salmonelosis, Avian Flu, TB etc.
- Causes 23% of human deaths
- Vectors- carry pathogens from one organism to another
- Bacteria
- Prokaryotes-no mebrane bound nucleus or organelles.
- Classified by shape and cell wall
- Shapes
- Bacilus (Rod)
- Chain= Streptobacili
- Coccus (spherical)
- Pair of Cocci
- Chain of Cocci (streptococci)
- Cluster of cocci-staphylococci
- Vibrio (Comma)
- Spirillum (Spiral)
- Spirochaete (Corkscrew)
- Bacilus (Rod)
- Cell wall
- Gram staining
- Cell wall structure determines how stain is taken up, and how bacteria react to antibiotics
- Positive result: Purple/Blue with light mic/
- MRSA
- Negative result: Red/Pink with light mic.
- E Coli
- Gram staining
- Shapes
- Only some are pathogenic
- Produce toxins as a by-product of normal functioning
- These can poison or damage a cell by breaking down membranes, inactivating enzymes or interfering with genetic material so a cell cannot divide.
- Viruses
- 'Akaryotes' (Non living)
- 0.02-0.3 µm in diameter.
- DNA surrounded by protein coat
- Enters cell, so that the virus' DNA/RNA can take over the cell's metabolism to make more viruses.
- All viruses are pathogenic
- Bacterio-phages affect bacteria
- Can use them to replicate
- Used to idenify an treat some diseases- important in scientific research.
- HIV, Herpes, Tobacco mosaic
- 'Akaryotes' (Non living)
- Fungi
- Eukaryotes
- Do not photosynthe-sise; Must absorb nutrients.
- Can be single or multicelled
- Chitin cell wall
- Often Saprophytes- feed on dead/decaying organic matter.
- Do not photosynthe-sise; Must absorb nutrients.
- Maybe be parasites- feed on living matter.
- Plat fungi: Damage leaves, stop p'synth and kill the plant.
- Pathogenic fungi-causes communicabl-e diseases.
- Digest and destroy living cells.
- Plat fungi: Damage leaves, stop p'synth and kill the plant.
- Makes millions of spores in reproduction, these spread rapidly over long distances.
- Some Fungi produce toxins which can damage host cells and cause disease.
- Eukaryotes
- Protoctista (Protista)
- Eukaryotes
- Wide variety of feeding methods
- Includes single-celled organisms and cells grouped into colonies.
- A small percentage of protoctista are pathogenic
- Can cause devasting communicable disease in both plants and animals.
- Pathogenic protista are parasitic- they require a host organism.
- May require a vector to tranfer them to a host organism
- E.g Malaria, Sleeping sickness etc.
- Can enter the body directly through polluted water.
- E.g Amoebic Dystentry, Giardia etc.
- Some Protoctista can take over cells and break them apart, but do not take over genetic material like Viruses.
- Eukaryotes
- Communicable
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