Unit 2; Core Studies; Piliavin et al
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- Created on: 13-03-17 15:03
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- Piliavin et al
- Background: 38 people witnessed Kitty Genovese's murder but none helped
- 'diffusion of responsibility' : people thought others would help
- Research Questions
- would victim being drunk or ill have an effect?
- would victim being black or white have an effect?
- effect if someone modelled helping behaviour?
- is there a relationship between behaviour & amount of witnesses?
- IV: victim was drunk/ill/white/black ; model was early/late/ critical area /adjacent area
- DV: race/sex /location of witnesses, # who helped, length of time for help to be given
- Sample: 103 trials with 4450 people; 45% black, 55% white
- Procedure
- carried out on New York subway on weekdays from 11am-3pm
- 70 seconds in, victim collapses & lays on floor until help comes
- victims all male 3 white 1 black dressed casually either holding a cane or alcohol
- model always white male helped after 70 secs or 150 secs & stood in either critical area or the adjacent area
- Results
- "its for men to help" , "i wish i could help him - i'm not strong enough"
- more comments made about drunk victim
- in 62/65 trials; cane got help in median of 5 seconds
- in 19/38 trials; drunk got help in 109 secs
- 90% of 81 helpers were male
- tendency for same race helping
- later model came, less impact he had
- Explanation: observing a 'scene' gives unpleasant emotional arousal states
- increases with time, empathy, closer proximity,
- decreases if help given, leave scene, or reject victim as needing help
- Ethics: broke consent, deception, debrief, protection from harm
- Reliability & validity
- IR: clear controls & objective data
- ER: needs more drunk & black trials, too few model conditions
- IV: signif patterns, some may have seen before so changed behaviour
- EV: large & diverse sample, excludes workers
- Ethnocentrism: only in NY but diverse poulation
- Summary
- Social area; looks at how others affect helping behaviour
- People in need: see how affected by different scenarios
- Debates: Usefulness
- Good Samaritan law in France; fined if don't help
- Background: 38 people witnessed Kitty Genovese's murder but none helped
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