piliavin

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  • Piliavin
    • Theories
      • There is diffusion of responsibility - people don't help because they believe responsibility is shared
      • There is bystander apathy - someone else will offer assistance
    • Background
      • Kitty Genovese was murdered and nobody helped despite hearing it
    • Research Method
      • Field experiment
      • A and D trains of the NY subway (8th avenue)
      • 4 IV's
        • drunk/cane victim
        • black/white victim
        • effect of model (50/70s in critical/adjacent areas)
        • size of witnessing groups
      • 6 DV's observed by 2 females
        • frequency of help
        • speed of help
        • race of helper
        • sex of helper
        • movement from critical area
        • comments made by bystanders
    • Sample
      • nearly 4500 men and women
      • people using subway between 11am and 3pm
      • 45% black 55% white
    • Procedure
      • 4 teams of 4 researchers, 2 males (victim and model), 2 females (observers)
      • victims: 3 black, 1 white. general studies students. 26-25. dressed alike
      • drunk: smelled of alcohol and carried a bottle in a brown bag
      • cane: appeared sober with a black cane
      • 4 conditions (critical/adjacent and early/late
      • 1 observer in adjacent area, one in critical
      • after 70s the victim collapsed forwards
      • 6-8 trials per day
      • more cane than drunk - one group "didn't like" being drunk
    • Findings
      • cane victim received help 95% of the time spontaneous and 100% help overall
      • drunk victim received help 50% of the time spontaneous and 81% overall
      • cane got help more quickly and by 2+ people 60% of the time
      • 90% of helpers were male
      • slight same race helping in drunk condition
      • no diffusion of responsibility found
      • more comments were given to drunk victim
      • more comments were given when there was no help in the first 70s
    • Conclusions
      • ill gets more help than drunk
      • men are more likely than women to help
      • more likely to help own race
      • no relationship with help and number of bystanders
      • help is likely when you can't escape
      • cost-benefit analysis happens
      • there is no diffusion of responsibility

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