Pidgins
- Created by: kirsty.smith98
- Created on: 10-06-16 16:20
View mindmap
- Pidgins
- Contact language
- By joining two or more languages for the sole purpose of communicating
- Occurs when there is no lingua franca (Common tongue)
- Will contain features from both languages to construct a new form that fulfils the limited communication needs
- Short Life
- Tends to not exist long. Once the need for them are gone, so is the language form.
- It is rare for pidgins to exist for more than 100 years
- If they do last longer than 100 years they undergo expansion, creolisation
- It is rare for pidgins to exist for more than 100 years
- Origins
- 19th Century
- African slaves transported to North America created the first pidgin language
- This was in order to communicate with each other and plantation bosses
- The slaves were generally separated from their own community in order to reduce the likelihood of them formulating plans to escape
- Colonisation also influenced the development of pidgin languages, which can been seen across the world and over time
- One of the languages which forms the pidgins tends to be more dominant than the other
- In English based pidgins, English would be the dominant language as a result of its status and social superiourity
- Superstrate and Substrate
- Superstrate
- The dominate language which contributes more to the pidgin
- Substrate
- The minority language that contribute to the pidgin
- Superstrate
- Given that they are spoken form they do not have a written form
- Mixing
- There will be a mix of two languages
- It will therefore be common to find lexis from both forms although the superstrate will typically dominate
- Many pidgins are difficult for the BrEng user to understand because the mixing and wilding different pronunciation (which is reflected in the spelling) means the language appears alien
- Reduction
- When pidgins begin to develop we can see instances of reduction being integrated into speech, although these will generally be adopted as the standard word in the language
- Come up = Kamap
- Going to = Gonna
- The reduction of articulated sounds (Phonemes), in particular, whereby some syllables are slurred in speech
- When pidgins begin to develop we can see instances of reduction being integrated into speech, although these will generally be adopted as the standard word in the language
- Simplification
- The number of endings is generally reduced
- The process in whereby grammar is made more simplistic by omitting or reducing the number of inflections, tense markers and markers of plurality
- In verbs, irregular verbs, which are often indicate tense with vowel change will now do so using the regular inflectional ending
- Verb would become to show pat tense
- This can also be shown in the loss of grammatically redundant elements within structures
- Contact language
- Tok Pisin
- English
- Superstrate
- The dominate language which contributes more to the pidgin
- Superstrate
- Papa New Guinean
- Substrate
- The minority language that contribute to the pidgin
- Substrate
- English
Comments
No comments have yet been made