Physics: Waves & the Universe

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  • Created by: Lily
  • Created on: 12-03-13 16:14
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  • Physics: Waves & the Universe
    • WAVES
      • WHAT ARE THEY? Oscillations that move + transfer energy.
      • LONGITUDINAL WAVES
        • EXAMPLES: Sound waves, P(primary) waves, Ultrasound waves.
        • WHAT? The oscillations are parallel to the direction of the wave. Involves compressions+ rarefactions.
      • TRANSVERSE WAVES
        • EXAMPLES: Electromagnetic waves, S(secondary) waves & Water waves
        • WHAT? Oscillations are at right angles to the direction of the wave
      • ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES (Radio, Microwave, Infra-red, Visible light, Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma Rays)
        • All travel at the speed of light - 3x10 to the power of 8
        • RWaves, MWaves, I-RED and VLight used for communication.
    • WHAT CAN WAVES DO?
      • DIFFRACTION
        • Significant diffraction only occurs when the wavelength of the wave is same order of magnitude as the size of the gap or obstacle.
      • REFLECTION
        • Angle of incidence = angle of reflection
        • Image produced in plane mirror = virtual, upright + laterally inverted.
      • REFRACTION
        • Waves not refracted if travelling along normal.
        • eaves change direction when refracted in another medium
    • WAVE SPEED = FREQUENCY X WAVELENGTH
    • SOUND WAVES
      • Causes VIBRATIONS in a medium = sound.
      • Frequency of SW = pitch,   Amplitude of SW = loudness.
      • Echoes = reflections of SW
    • THE UNIVERSE
      • Doppler effect = source moving away from observer , so there is change in wavelength + frequency.
        • Source moving AWAY = INCREASED wavelength + DECREASED frequency. OPPOSITE for moving TOWARDS.
        • DE causes red-shift in galaxies, where light's wavelength increases.
          • Galaxy further away = moving faster away. Gives evidence of expanding Universe.
      • THE BIG BANG
        • All matter focused at one super dense, super hot tiny fixed point. Point exploded, expanded + cooled to form Universe. Theory supported by red shift and CMBR.
          • Galaxy further away = moving faster away. Gives evidence of expanding Universe.
          • Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) = Form of EM radiation filling Universe. Comes from radiation present shortly after beginning of Universe.

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Josh747

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You have put a lot of useful information in this document and i would recommend you to my friends. 

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