Biology (Organisms and Reproduction.)

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  • Biology.
    • Organisms.
      • The nucleus of a cell contains chromosomes, which carry genes that control the characteristics of the body.
      • Different genes control the development of the different characteristics of an organism.
      • The information that results in plants and animals having similar characteristics to their parents is carried by genes, which are passed on in the sex cells (gametes) from which the offspring develop.
      • Differences in the characteristics of different individuals of the same kind may be due to differnces in the genes they have inheritated and also the conditions in which they have developed, or both,
    • Reproduction.
      • Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.
        • Sexual reproduction is the joining of male and female gametes.
        • Asexual reproduction is no fusion of gametes.
      • The genetic data from the mother is called the eggs which are made in the ovaries. The genetic data from the father is carried in the sperm which are made in the testes.
      • In sexual reproduction, offspring are produced that are genetically different from either parent.
      • This happens because genetic information from each parent is carried in the gametes and joined together during fertilisation.
      • In asexual reproduction, genetically identical offspring are produced because no mixing of genetic material takes place.

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