Chemistry AS ES CI 11.4 ES3 ES4
- Created by: A.B.
- Created on: 17-02-14 17:45
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- ES The 'p' block: Group 7 CI 11.4, ES3 and ES4
- Physical Properties
- Appearance and state at room temperature
- Fluorine
- pale yellow gas
- Chlorine
- Green gas
- Bromine
- dark red liquid
- Iodine
- Shiny Black Solid
- Fluorine
- Volatility
- Fluorine
- gas
- Chlorine
- gas
- Bromine
- liquid quickly forms brown gas on warming
- Iodine
- Sublimes on warming to give purple vapour
- Fluorine
- Solubility in water
- Fluorine
- Reacts with water
- Chlorine
- Slightly soluble to give pale green solution
- Bromine
- Slightly soluble to give red brown solution
- Iodine
- Barely soluble, gives a brown solution
- Fluorine
- Solubility in organic compounds
- Fluorine
- Soluble
- Chlorine
- soluble to give a pale green solution
- Bromine
- Soluble to give a red solution
- Iodine
- Soluble to give a violet solution
- Fluorine
- Diatomic non-polar molecules
- Intramolecular bonds are covalent and the intermolecular bonds are ID-ID
- Relative Reactivity
- Decreases down group
- Halide and Silver ions
- Ag+ (aq) + X-(aq) -> AgX (s)
- Chlorine, white precipitate
- Bromine, cream precipitate
- Iodine, yellow precipitate
- Ag+ (aq) + X-(aq) -> AgX (s)
- Displacement reactions
- Elements displaces those lower down the group
- Redox Reactions
- Halogens are all reactive. They tend to remove electrons. They are oxidising agents.
- Appearance and state at room temperature
- Redox reactions involving halogens
- The strength of the oxidising agent decreases down the group
- Electrolysis of solutions containing halide ions
- Storage and transport of halogens
- Fluorine is very reactive -> too reactive to store
- When needed for chemical reactions, it is made in situ (as it is needed) by electrolysing liquid hydrogen fluoride
- Chlorine is a highly toxic as. It os transported by rail or road tanker as a liquid
- Bromine is transported in lead lined steel tanks supported in strong metal frames. Transport routes are planned to minimise the risk of accidents (avoid residential areas)
- Fluorine is very reactive -> too reactive to store
- Physical Properties
- Fluorine is very reactive -> too reactive to store
- When needed for chemical reactions, it is made in situ (as it is needed) by electrolysing liquid hydrogen fluoride
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