Photosynthesis part one
- Created by: Andrei stephen
- Created on: 08-11-14 18:43
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- Photosynthesis (part one)
- structure and functions of chloroplasts
- chloroplasts are cell organelles found in plants cells and are where the light independent and dependent stages of photosynthesis take place
- they have a double membrane known as an envelope it is a phospholipid bilayer
- there is an intermembrane space between the outer and inner membrane space
- the outer membrane is permeable to many small ions
- the inner membrane is also a phospholipid bilayer
- on the inside of the mitochondria is filled with a fluid that contains starke and oil droplets. enzymes for light independent reactions and DNA used to produce the enzymes this is called the stroma
- light reactions
- the role of water
- this is what happens to water
- 2H2O=> 4H(^+) + O2 + 4e^-
- the electrons are used in then transported though electron carriers to replace those loss by the oxidation of chlorophyll
- the H^+ ions are used to create a proton gradient for chemiosmosis to produce ATP
- these are then picked up by by the coenzyme NADP^+ and used in the calvin cycle
- the oxygen is released as waste out the chloroplast through the palisade and spongy mesophyll layers and out through the stomata
- this is what happens to water
- photophosphorylation (cyclic)
- step one= water is split
- water is split due to photolysis using the energy from the sun at photosystem 2
- step two the movement of electrons
- the electrons are picked up by an electron acceptor and passed along a chain of electron acceptors
- it is then passed to photosystem 1 these are then passed to more electron cartriers till they are accepted by NADP^+
- step three the movement of protons
- the protons are trapped in the thylakoid space this leads to a build of positive charge and the protons want to escape
- they can only escape through protein channels connected to ATP synthase
- the protons are trapped in the thylakoid space this leads to a build of positive charge and the protons want to escape
- the electrons are picked up by an electron acceptor and passed along a chain of electron acceptors
- step one= water is split
- photophosphorylation (non cyclic)
- the role of water
- the light reactions also known as the dark reactions!!!
- occur in the stroma
- carbon dioxide is used in this set of reactions for the production of large organic molecules
- the calvin cycle
- carbon dioxide
- rubisco
- an enzyme used to fix carbon dioxide and a five carbon molecule called RuBP
- 2X glycerate phosphate
- a three carbon compound
- used to produce amino acids
- used to produce fatty acid tails
- combined with fatty acids to make lipids
- lipids
- combined with fatty acids to make lipids
- 2 triose phosphates (TP)
- Glycerol
- combined with fatty acids to make lipids
- lipids
- combined with fatty acids to make lipids
- RuBP( a 5 carbon compound)
- rubisco
- an enzyme used to fix carbon dioxide and a five carbon molecule called RuBP
- 2X glycerate phosphate
- a three carbon compound
- used to produce amino acids
- used to produce fatty acid tails
- 2 triose phosphates (TP)
- Glycerol
- RuBP( a 5 carbon compound)
- Glycerol
- rubisco
- Glycerol
- rubisco
- step one=
- carbon dioxide enters the leaf through the stomata
- step two =
- carbon dioxide is combined with a five carbon compound called RuBP
- step 3
- this is unstable so splits into two three carbon molecules GP
- step 4=
- this is then oxidised and has a phosphate added to it to make TP
- step 5=
- steps one to four are repeated three times with five triose phosphates being regenerated into RuBP and one being released
- this must happen six times to make a hexose sugar
- steps one to four are repeated three times with five triose phosphates being regenerated into RuBP and one being released
- carbon dioxide
- structure and functions of chloroplasts
- as the protons travel down the channel past the ATP synthase they cause the ATP synthase to rotate combining ADP and one inorganic phosphate into ATP
- they can only escape through protein channels connected to ATP synthase
- the protons are then picked up by NADP^+ along with the electrons and taken to the calvin cycle
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