Phobias
- Created by: sophie.cumberpatch
- Created on: 14-03-20 16:14
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- Phobias
- Classical conditioning - acquired
- Learning by association
- UCS (bite) triggers fear (UCR), NS (dog) associated with UCS (bite), NS becomes CS causing CR (fear)
- Little Albert - Waston and Raynor, played with white rat = loud noise, bang + rat paired several times = fear = conditioned
- Stimulus generalisation = fear of all furry times (fur coat + Santa hat)
- Learning by association
- Mowrer - the two-process model, Behavioural approach
- Operant conditioning - maintained
- Learning through consequences (negative reinforcement)
- NR produces behaviour to avoid unpleasant thing
- Avoid phobic stimulus = escape anxiety, reduced fear negatively reinforces avoidance behaviour
- Positive reinforcement - behaviour to gain something pleasant
- Characteristics
- Behavioural
- Avoidance
- Panic
- Endurance
- Emotional
- Anxiety + fear (unreasonable, excessive, disproportional)
- Cognitive
- Selective attention
- Irrational beliefs
- Cognitive distortions
- Behavioural
- Treatment
- Systematic desensitisation
- Based on classical conditioning
- Gradually reduce anxiety, counter-conditioning
- CS paired with relaxation = CR (new response)
- Anxiety hierarchy: least to most scary
- Taught relaxation techniques
- Each level exposed to phobic stimulus in relaxed state
- Taught relaxation techniques
- Flooding
- Immediate exposure to phobic stimulus, assumes high level fear cannot be sustained
- Cannot avoid, learns phobic stimulus is harmful
- Exhausted of fear = extinction
- Unpleasant, gives informed consent
- Exhausted of fear = extinction
- Relaxation techniques
- Cannot avoid, learns phobic stimulus is harmful
- In vivo = actual
- In vitro = imaginary
- Immediate exposure to phobic stimulus, assumes high level fear cannot be sustained
- Systematic desensitisation
- Classical conditioning - acquired
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