Phobias; acquisitions, maintenance and treatments
- Created by: Guitarlord15
- Created on: 21-03-16 20:27
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- Phobias
- Acquisitions
- Phobias represent an association between a stimulus (st. makes us afraid) & a response (the fear.)
- Classical conditioning: associate a response to a stimulus. e.g. stuck in 1 lift= will get stuck in all lifts- generalise situation. e.g. Watson & Rayner's Little Albert study; conditioned to fear rat
- Operant conditioning; rewards & punishments-bitten by dog=positive punishment (unpleasant reaction for stroking dog) = stop stroking dog in future & develop dog phobia.
- Social learning; Bandura (1961)- children leaned to inmate behaviour- role model shows fears- sb. watching= learn fear. e.g. Leib et al. (2002); children of parents with phobias; likely to acquire phobia too
- Phobias represent an association between a stimulus (st. makes us afraid) & a response (the fear.)
- Maintenance
- One-trial learning; association so strong learning is very hard to undo. e.g. eat bad chicken once, never eat chicken again
- Classical conditioning:Watson & Rayner; C.C.- not responsible for maintenance of phobia- doesn't last that long
- Operant conditioning; Beh. that's rewarded is repeated (law of effect); beh. that's punished-not repeated, O.C. maintains phobia via negative reinforcemente.g. if sit.- brings back symptoms- positive punishment
- Social learning theory; mother has social phobia, child uses mother as role model & develop phobia too.if mothers phobia maintained by O.C.- child might replicate mother's phobia
- Treatments
- Systematic desensitisation; (Wolpe 1958) based on principals of C.D.
- Step-by-step approach (systematic)-PP used to object/sit. (desensitised)Phobia- C.C.; so can be unlearned. relax response required; imagine happy scenarios/ meditate etc...
- Biofeedback used to check for relaxation; PP learns to control own physiological response
- Gradual into- hierarchy; photograph-film-real obj./sit. PPs set hierarchy; meaningful. S.D. also used to treat anxiety disorders
- UCS (muscle relaxation)- UCR (feel relaxed) UCS (m.r.)+CS (phobia)- UCR (f.r.) CS (phobia)- CR (f.r.)
- Token Economy
- Based
on operant conditioning principals- rewards as reinforcementAim; reward good behaviour and ignore unwanted behaviour.
- Procedure:
- Based
on operant conditioning principals- rewards as reinforcementAim; reward good behaviour and ignore unwanted behaviour.
- Systematic desensitisation; (Wolpe 1958) based on principals of C.D.
- Def.?
- Phobias; irrational fears that prevent sb. living their life & fears bringing out a strong anxiety
- Acquisitions
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