Phobia formation
- Created by: 11pyoung
- Created on: 21-04-17 11:26
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- Phobia formation
- What is a phobia?
- A phobia is a type of anxiety disorder creating fear, which as far reaching effects on a person both emotionally and socially
- The NHS defines a phobia as 'an overwhelming and debilitating fear of an object, place, situation, feeling or animal'
- 3 types of phobias
- Specific phobia
- A phobia of animals, inanimate objects or illness
- Social phobia
- Fear of doing something in public i.e. eating, public speaking etc
- Agoraphobia
- Fear of places where people assemble
- Specific phobia
- Classical conditioning's explanation of phobias
- A phobia is acquired because an unconditioned stimulus which brings about the unconditioned response of fear has become associated with the object/ situation the person is afraid
- Object situation was previously a neutral stimulus but because of the learned association with the UCS it has become the conditioned stimulus which brings about the conditioned response of fear
- These learned associations are not found in all people with phobias
- These learned associations are not found in all people with phobias
- Object situation was previously a neutral stimulus but because of the learned association with the UCS it has become the conditioned stimulus which brings about the conditioned response of fear
- A phobia is acquired because an unconditioned stimulus which brings about the unconditioned response of fear has become associated with the object/ situation the person is afraid
- Operant conditioning's explanation of phobias
- Linked mainly with social phobias like anxiety
- If someone worries about attending social events such as parties they will avoid or escape from them
- In doing so their worries are reduced and they start to feel better
- Their avoidance/escape acts as a negative reward
- Reinforces the behaviour of avoiding or escaping from parties because he learned consequence is that they will feel better if they do so
- Their avoidance/escape acts as a negative reward
- In doing so their worries are reduced and they start to feel better
- If someone worries about attending social events such as parties they will avoid or escape from them
- If someone worries about attending social events such as parties they will avoid or escape from them
- In doing so their worries are reduced and they start to feel better
- Their avoidance/escape acts as a negative reward
- Reinforces the behaviour of avoiding or escaping from parties because he learned consequence is that they will feel better if they do so
- Their avoidance/escape acts as a negative reward
- In doing so their worries are reduced and they start to feel better
- Linked mainly with social phobias like anxiety
- Social learning theory's explanation of phobias
- Reproducing the observed behaviour of a model is key
- If a young child observes their older sibling display a fear response to a spider and then see their sibling being comforted by their parents which represents a rewards to them. The behaviour of fear of spiders will be retained in memory and reproduced in anticipation of receiving the same reward.
- The parents then comforting the younger sibling when they show this behaviour which acts as a motivation to repeat the behaviour thereby reinforcing it
- What is a phobia?
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