Charles and Personal Rule
Notes on everything that occurs in the Personal Rule of Charles I's reign
- Created by: Zoe
- Created on: 10-05-13 17:10
View mindmap
- Personal Rule 1629-1641
- Religion
- Laud becomes Archbishop of Canterbury in 1633 after Abbots death
- Laud's Aims
- Restore "beautiful holiness" to services.
- Ceremonies
- Alter
- Restore wide power/influence in politics and society from before the reformation
- Raise educational level of the Church clergy
- Restore "beautiful holiness" to services.
- Opposition to Laud
- His belief in divine right
- Laudians preached absolute obedience to royal will
- Everything he did had a political aspect
- Choice of ceremonies
- Bowing at Jesus's name and decorated churches
- Angered Puritans
- Return to Roman Catholic services
- Laudians were suspected secret papists
- Bowing at Jesus's name and decorated churches
- His belief in divine right
- Wasn't Catholic but didn't hold any prejudice against them
- Offered Cardinal 1634 but he refused
- "With Rome as it is"
- Weak refusal created suspicion
- Offered Cardinal 1634 but he refused
- Used Star Chamber to punish his enemies
- Laud's Aims
- Case of Burton, Prynne + Bastwick
- Punished for libels against bishops
- Treated like martyrs for Protestant causes
- Ears were clipped
- Attempt to silence opposition
- Did the opposite, it created a larger opposition
- Punished for libels against bishops
- Juxon (Bishop) became Lord treasurer
- Gave indication that church was taking over government
- Book of Sports 1633
- Reissued by Laud
- Angered puritans
- Laud became suspicious of lecturers who preached on Sunday
- They had strong puritan views
- Laud took away licences for lecturers
- Laud becomes Archbishop of Canterbury in 1633 after Abbots death
- Financial Problems
- War could not continue without subsidies
- Made peace with France 1630
- Made peace with Spain 1631
- Pushed legal rights and revived old royal revenue devices
- Forest fines
- Distrait of Knighthood
- Nuisances
- Monopolies
- Plantations
- Customs farmers
- Court of Wards
- Ship Money
- Held strongest opposition
- Collected every year from 1634-40
- Navy weren't protection coast, but defending Spain!
- Hampden's Case 1637
- John Hampden refused to pay ship money
- Questioned if King was allowed to collect it
- King won case 7 to 5
- If King didn't have right to decided emeranices, constitutional rights were being ignored
- Failures
- Kingdom hated his policies
- War could not be funded
- Successes
- Charles managed to survive without the need of subsides
- Reached a financial standstill
- War could not continue without subsidies
- Charles's Court
- Henrietta Maria
- After Buckingham died, Charles found affection for Maria
- Continued to try to convert members of the court
- Not entirely influential
- Hated Laud and Strafford but Charles continued to trust them
- Converted Portland
- Gentry became suscpicous of them
- Set apart from the country
- Catholicism suspected, court behaving as popist
- Gustavs Adolphus Death - Court not allowed to mourn as was tradition
- Two papal ambassadors attended court until late 1630's
- Dangerously out of touch with the nation, 1632 gentry ordered to leave the court
- Catholicism suspected, court behaving as popist
- Indigo Jones built buildings for Charles - European in style
- Banqueting Hall
- Masques, costumes made
- Mirror held to the king, showed representing subjects
- Unrealistic, showing King as divine
- Henrietta Maria
- Foreign Policy
- Thirty Years War
- Peace made with Spain and France
- Country gentry saw war as religious battle
- Charles supported Spain
- Unpopular, English wanted to support Dutch
- Factors
- Staying out of war was natural, England was relativity peaceful
- Expirience with Parliament made Charles reluctant to commit to war for Protestant causes
- Misjudgment to pursue "neutrality" that was not even
- Seen as Catholic conspiracy
- Thirty Years War
- Downfall of Personal Rule
- Scottish Crisis
- Act of Revocation
- Cancelled grants of royal land
- Scottish land owners lost money
- Worry that church land would return to the church
- Causing strong church for Roman Catholic model to become used
- Act of Revocation
- Laudianism and Scotland
- Laudian ceremonial Coronation
- Offended Scots
- Scottish National Covenant rejected the canons and prayer book
- 1638, Scottish National Assembly abolishes High Commission and Bishops
- An army was raised, more professional than Charles's due to fighting in Thirty Years War
- Laudian ceremonial Coronation
- Prayer book
- Scots livid
- Laud wanted England and Scotland in line with each other
- English prayer book introduced into Scotland 1637
- 1636 royal proclamation issued canons concerning church services
- Scottish National Covenant rejected the canons and prayer book
- Weakness of English
- "Perfect militas" paid for by tax
- Equipment was extremely poor
- Most hadn't used guns before
- Professional soldiers were supposed to train militas but they were not paid by locals and so refused
- Many didn't want to fight because they hated Laud
- "Perfect militas" paid for by tax
- Scottish Crisis
- First Bishops War
- Charles spent £185,000
- Commander Arundel was incompetent
- Earl of Strafford called from Ireland to solve situation but he could do nothing
- Advised Charles to call Parliament
- He thought that they would be loyal to the crown
- Charles had few options
- Military costs were £600,000 by 1640 and city of London refused to give him a requested £100,000 and gave him 10% instead
- He called Parliament because he had no choice
- Advised Charles to call Parliament
- Religion
Comments
Report
Report