SIMPLE Personal Rule
Simple mindmap of Charles I's Personal Rule
- Created by: lucyf
- Created on: 04-05-14 12:20
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- Personal Rule (1629-1640)
- Downfall of Personal Rule
- Prayer book
- Introduced 1637
- Scottish National Covenant rejected
- 1636 canons
- Weakness of English
- 'Perfect militias'
- Hated Laud
- Scottish crisis
- Act of Revocation
- Cancelled royal land grants
- Act of Revocation
- Laudianism and Scotland
- 1636 canons
- In line with English Church
- War with Scotland
- First Bishops War
- Spent over £185,000
- Strafford recalled from Ireland - couldn't solve
- Advised Charles called Parliament
- Thought would be loyal
- Had few options
- Military costs = £600,000 by 1640
- City of London gave 10% of requested £100,000 loan
- Advised Charles called Parliament
- Commander Arundel = incomepetent
- Second Bishops War
- Failure of Short Parliament = new outbreak of fighting
- English beaten at Newcastle
- Scots capture (London's coal supply)
- Occupy 6 northern counties
- English beaten at Newcastle
- July - Charles confiscates bullion in Tower (English merchants')
- Keeps £30,000 as loan
- Angered merchants + worsens relations with City
- Seen as desperate measure
- Keeps £30,000 as loan
- Ended by Treaty of Ripon (October 1640)
- Negotiated by Council of Peers
- Complete humiliation for Charles
- £850 per day to Scots
- Couldn't afford
- Forced to call Parliament (3 November)
- Couldn't afford
- Failure of Short Parliament = new outbreak of fighting
- First Bishops War
- Prayer book
- Foreign Policy
- 30 Years War
- Uneven neutrality - supported Spain
- Catholic - not Protestant Dutch
- Uneven neutrality - supported Spain
- Peace with France (1630) + Spain (1631)
- England = comparatively peacefull
- Trading opportunities
- England = comparatively peacefull
- 30 Years War
- Ireland
- Wentworth - Lord Deputy (1633)
- Only ally = Laud
- 'Thorough'
- Hated in Ireland + feared in England
- Alienated all Irish society
- Only ally = Laud
- Parliament reduced to 'rubber stamp'
- Protestant Church remodelled - Laudian
- Powerful army
- Wentworth - Lord Deputy (1633)
- Religion
- Laud = Archbishop of Canterbury 1633
- Bishops = Laudians when died
- Humble background
- Divine right
- Offered Cardinal (1634) - refusal = not strong enough
- 'With Rome as it is'
- Laud aims
- Star Chamber - punish political enemies
- Restore power + influence of Church in politics + society
- Independent of gentry - resented
- Restore 'beauty of holiness'
- Altar controversy
- Vestments
- Ceremony
- Raise educational status of clergy
- 'Equal to any gentleman'
- Burton, Bastwick + Prynne (1637)
- Punished for 'libels against bishops'
- Attempt to silence opposition - enlargened
- Book of Sports (1633)
- Reissued (first in James)
- Took away licences from lecturers
- Juxton (Bishop of London) = Lord Treasurer
- Indicated Church taking over government
- Laud = Archbishop of Canterbury 1633
- Charles' court
- Henrietta Maria
- Catholic faction developed
- Converted Portland
- Gentry = suspicious
- Not entirely influential (hated Laud + Strafford)
- Affection after Buckingham death
- Catholic faction developed
- Set apart from country
- Catholic conspiracy
- Papal ambassadors until late 1630s
- Catholic conspiracy
- European style buildings
- Inigo Jones - design
- Reubens's ceiling - Banqueting House
- Masques
- Henrietta Maria
- Short Parliament (April - May 1640)
- Led by Pym
- Laud issued canons with clear support for divine right - anger
- Commons demanded grievances resolved before subsidies
- Charles dismisses rather than argue (beneath dignity)
- Financial Problems
- Successes
- Portland (Treasurer until 1636) = inc. revenue 25% + reduced royal debt
- Survived without subsidies
- Failures
- Couldn't fund war
- Hated for legally dubious measures
- No war without subsidies
- Ended wars with France + Spain
- Prerogative rights
- Ship Money
- Controversial - right to declare 'emergency'
- Hampden case
- Only 7/12 supported King
- Collected every year from 1634 ('pirates')
- £190,000 p.a. first 3 years
- Court of Wards
- Customs farmers
- Plantations
- Alienated City of London (Irish)
- Didn't agree to 1639 loan to fight Scots
- Alienated City of London (Irish)
- Monopolies
- Loophole - grant to companies
- Popish soap
- Loophole - grant to companies
- Distraint of Knighthood
- Didn't take inflation to account (any land over £40)
- Become unpopular under James
- Forest fines
- Salisbury - £20,000
- Rockingham forest - 6 > 60 square miles
- Nuisances
- Building outside London walls
- Ship Money
- Successes
- Downfall of Personal Rule
- Laudianism and Scotland
- In line with English Church
- Restore power + influence of Church in politics + society
- Independent of gentry - resented
- Gentlemen - treated as common criminals (pillory, ears)
- Burton, Bastwick + Prynne (1637)
- Punished for 'libels against bishops'
- Attempt to silence opposition - enlargened
- Treated like martyrs for protestant cause (flowers, hankerchiefs)
- Burton, Bastwick + Prynne (1637)
- Angered Puritans
- Book of Sports (1633)
- Reissued (first in James)
- Took away licences from lecturers
- Book of Sports (1633)
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