Personal Rule and its Failure 1629 - 40
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- Created on: 31-05-17 13:06
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- Personal Rule and its Failure 1629 - 40
- Scotland
- 1637 - C imposed the Laudian Prayer Book on Presbyterian Scotland without consulting the Scottish parliament
- 1636 - C issued a Book of Canons to the S clergy - instructions on how to lay out church and introduced a number of practices associated with the CofE
- 1637 - English Prayer Book = when it was first red out in St. Giles Cathedral Edinburgh = riot.
- Riots = FIRST BISHOPS' WAR
- C lacked money = had to rely on county militias from Eng. Treaty of Berwick 1639 = C realised he could not win the war
- ill organised, poorly equipped war - C defeated at Battle of Newburn under the terms o the 1640 Treaty of Ripon = forced to pay Scots £850 a day
- Riots = FIRST BISHOPS' WAR
- Opposition
- Initially there was little opposition for Laudianism - those who opposed was a minority
- Religion
- Promotion of Arminianism - Laud as Archbishop of Canterbury
- New measure of Laudianism introduced. e.g.'beauty of the holiness' = wearing vestments and the use of music, candles and altar clothes.
- To ensure conformity these measures were enforces through the use of visitations and supervision through the church courts. Visitations = made sure Bishops reported which churches were conforming and which were not
- Ministers who resisted were brought before the Church Courts or the prerogative Court of High Commission and if they failed to conform were deprived of their livings.
- To ensure conformity these measures were enforces through the use of visitations and supervision through the church courts. Visitations = made sure Bishops reported which churches were conforming and which were not
- C created a well-ordered regime with an emphasis on hierarchy and ceremony designed to instil respect for monarchy = churches decorated statues, colours, organs restored, altar east end = traditional communion
- Religion
- First Opposition: 1636 - came from a group of Puritan gentry - leader = John Pym
- Hampden Case = defeat for the opposition. Lack of a P to speak for them equally revealed the weaknesses of the Opposition. Those who did speak out were silenced by the Privy Council and Prerogative Courts.
- Hampden Case - judges in King's favour
- Oct 1637 John Hampden (member of the Buckinghamshire gentry) challenged the legality of Ship Money and refused to pay the tax.
- His trial became a test on the legality of Ship Money - which was upheld by 12 judges hearing the case. Public opinion was alarmed by the verdict which confirmed that the King could raise taxation without parliamentary appro
- Hampden Case - judges in King's favour
- Case of 3 Puritan writers - who published an attack on the Government - they were sentenced to have their ears cut off and branded on the cheeks before being imprisoned by the King. The sentence had been imposed by Laud and emphasised the growing influence of Laudian Bishops in G as well as Church.
- Initially there was little opposition for Laudianism - those who opposed was a minority
- Religion
- Promotion of Arminianism - Laud as Archbishop of Canterbury
- New measure of Laudianism introduced. e.g.'beauty of the holiness' = wearing vestments and the use of music, candles and altar clothes.
- To ensure conformity these measures were enforces through the use of visitations and supervision through the church courts. Visitations = made sure Bishops reported which churches were conforming and which were not
- Ministers who resisted were brought before the Church Courts or the prerogative Court of High Commission and if they failed to conform were deprived of their livings.
- To ensure conformity these measures were enforces through the use of visitations and supervision through the church courts. Visitations = made sure Bishops reported which churches were conforming and which were not
- C created a well-ordered regime with an emphasis on hierarchy and ceremony designed to instil respect for monarchy = churches decorated statues, colours, organs restored, altar east end = traditional communion
- Finance
- Treaty of Madrid 1630 = annual spending reduced from £500,000 to £70,000
- C payed attention to reorganising the Crown's finances e.g. reorganising management of Crown Lands
- However... 1634 C issued a monopoly patent for the production of soap stating it would improve both the quality and supply = this created resentment when opponents claimed many had been driven out of business
- SHIP MONEY = greatest controversy - introduced as an ANNUAL tax.
- By 1636, C was earning enough from Ship money that he had no need for parliamentary grants = no need for parliment
- However, Ship money led to too much opposition and resentment
- Hampden Case - judges in King's favour
- Oct 1637 John Hampden (member of the Buckinghamshire gentry) challenged the legality of Ship Money and refused to pay the tax.
- His trial became a test on the legality of Ship Money - which was upheld by 12 judges hearing the case. Public opinion was alarmed by the verdict which confirmed that the King could raise taxation without parliamentary appro
- By 1636, C was earning enough from Ship money that he had no need for parliamentary grants = no need for parliment
- Scotland
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