Personal Rule 1629-1640

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  • Created by: M4nny
  • Created on: 21-06-17 13:49
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  • Personal Rule 1629-1640
    • Laud
      • Opposition
        • Prynne, Bastwick and Burton Case produce phamplets against HM & Laud = ear cut off and mutations etc & fined £5,000 each
        • Puritans = move to new world & formed network cos no parl & critic king opposed because Book of Sports = sport Sunday & no Church
      • Alter Controversey: alignment of special table which rail put across = catholic
      • Visitations:- type of thorough checking if going to churhc and doing what they should
        • Est conformity by arminainsim standard & renew cannon & use high & star & big issue because society structure & Hell
    • Wentworth: 1626 Sheriff 1627 x pay forced loan = arrested then 1628 Lord Pres Council North & 1632 Lord Dep of IRE
      • Lord Deputy IRE difficult job cos need keep balance w/ IRE Catholics, new and old English, issues among groups always exist cos Eliz I, wealth & status new & away from Ch's
        • Aims: Make IRE profitable, impose religious conformity & uniformity, all inferior & treat same = resent
        • IRE profitable:  +es inherit tax, fiscal feudalism, review monopolies, book of rates & bullied Parl to give him 6 subs
        • Religious uniformity & conformity: suppress critics, laudism, high commission court est, force juries to return church & crown lands, intro 39 articles 1634 & appted John Bramen as Bishop of Londonderry= damage LT relations & alienated everyone cos different religion
        • 3 Graces: X recusacy fines & W agreed w/ new, old and IRE Catholics IRE parl gave W 6 subs to King but X recusacy fines
      • Lord Pres Of Council North: Zealous & effective = local gentry lose power, insist conformity, improve provisions = poor farmers = poorer & force royal policy = some taken to court cos lack respect for King = resentment
      • Thorough: root out corruption, accountability, cuts flaws out so Ch's respected, Book of Orders, e.g. improve military & proper drills etc
      • PN Englnad scared because impose same laws in Eng as IRE cos IRE blueprint & epxeriment see if work
        • Reaction against Crown:structure in IRE gone and changed & W not there 1639 & can rebel but not united enough to rebel fully & privy council prepped to obey W
    • Finance
      • -es expenditure & +es trade w/ Spain and France= neutral policy no war 40% income to debt and ~ £260,000/ yr
      • Fiscal Feudalism = distraint knighthood, forest fines etc ~ £170,000 = 3 subs but not perm & unpop w/ PN cos w/o consent = indirect tax = no parl = liberties?
      • Monopolies & Grants = fav catholics e.g popish soap & prices +es = £100,000= unpop= not perm
      • Ship Money; against A12 and emergency assessment and not 999. 1634 defend against pirate raids and 1635 whole country = £190,000/ yr = unpop but -es to 20% conformity and burden for sheriffs
        • Hampden Case 1637 when Puritan refuse to pay SM and says enough time to call parl and ask for subs = test case but lost 12:7 but not effective income for King because comply 80% - 25%
      • Fined London:- city & king need each other= king promote trade and patronage fav & fined £70,000 = city loans = not sufficient amount but humiliating
    • Reaction
      • Bishops War
        • King: 15,000 men, slower, use IRE Army, catholic troops cos not trust local, gentry officers so no expce, +re opp twds war & less conform, swear oath of allegiance, used non parl services eg personal loans
        • Covenanters: 12,000 men, more efficient, used vets as higher ranks and officers who trained others e.g. General Alex Leslie, +re support outside eg puritans ENG, expce cos 30 yrs war, well prepped, weapons from Holland & Baltic support cos good relations, political leadership strong e.g Earl of Argll effective political momentum
        • Outcome: Eng strategy failed & lack finance but neither side disbanded = 2nd Bishops War
        • Why? cos Ch's impose new cannon & Laud & 1625 take land away from elite for church & 1634 Lords petitioned against & riots across Scot incl Edinburgh where not safe & parl left Edinburgh & church riots
        • Ch's reaction & strategy: not to yield & buy time = let General assembly meet & set for armed conflict = no trust & Navy blocked Scots & IRE west Scot & grp Berwick upon tweed & royalists S Edinburgh & hamilton via boat N-E Scot w/ 15,000
        • opposition to prayer Book:July 1637 St Giles riot, Aug 1637 Glasgow riot, Sep 1637 petition, Oct 1637 Ed riot privy council left too risky
          • Covenanters: take oath would not comply w/ King, 1K signed, outlined Calvin theory & condemned Catholic & renounced Prayer book
      • Short Parl lasted 3 weeks cos: but +re public support
        • Godly Mps: grievances before subs
        • King: not negotatie just want subs to fund war
        • Scots: fail cos want war and win & know King's limited power cos Parl protect Scot
        • Moderates: want success cos believs in partnership between King & parl can work
      • Second Bishops War: pre preemptive strike in Northumberla-nd, sides refuse to co-op, Ch's in London, both refuse to disband cos no trust = Scot in touch w/ Eng opposition = win = Treaty Of Ripon
        • Treaty of Ripon: In Newcastle until reach agreement & King pat £850/ day & call parl = Nov 1640 called = PR OVER!!!!!!!!!!!
    • Legal System
      • High Commission:- religious laws broken w/ archbishops as judges and judgement to SC
      • Star Chamber:- chosen by King &secular & remove cases out of common law but cannot sentence to death but harsh punishment = arbitrary gov't
      • Local Gov't: of the country, for the country and by the country. Put laws in practice w/ delay's thus didn't work and Ch's knew and implemented through
        • Heavy reliance because no civil service, and doing it voluntary

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