Perception
- Created by: Caitlin Ward
- Created on: 17-03-14 19:08
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- Perception
- Key Concepts
- Perception - The way you think you see something
- Sensation - The inputting of information from our environment around us
- Visual Constancies
- Shape
- You have percieved it to have changed shape but it has not
- Colour
- You have percieved it to have changed colour but it is the same as before
- Shape
- Illusions:
- Ambigious Figure: Can be seen in more than one way
- Fiction: This is where you see something that is not actually there
- Geometric: Where something is changed to make us either think it moves or something is not there.
- Depth Cues
- Height in the plane: Closer it is to the horizon, the further away it is.
- Superimposition: When something is over another object it seems closer.
- Texture gradient: Fine details are closer whereas further away objects are vague
- Relative size: When a smaller object is shown higher up, it seems further away.
- Linear perspective: When parallel lines converge and look like they are moving together further away.
- Core Theory: Constructivist Theory
- Our perception is based on our past experiences
- Perception is LEARNT
- Past experiences, thoughts and expectations affect how you see the world around you
- TOP DOWN PROCESSING
- Perception is dominated by what we expect to see
- Perceptual set: Our expectations and motivations
- Alternative Theory: Nativist Theory
- Perception is an instinct and supports nature in being responsible for perception.
- Instinct and biology is important
- Starts with sensory data and then works it way down to be interpretted
- BOTTOM DOWN PROCESSING
- 'Analysing images is as natural as breathing'
- Inborn abilities
- Core Study: Haber and Levin (2001)
- Aim: To investigate whether depth perception is changed by our past experiences of standard, non-standard and geometric shapes.
- Conclusion: The participants' estimates for the real world objects which could be different sizes, were not so accurately guessed as standard shapes.
- This study supports the constructivist theory because it is based on our past experiences.
- Limitations / Evaluation
- It cannot be generalised because of the small sample size of 9.
- It was only done on American students - Does not represent the whole of the population.
- No ecological validity as it does not represtn what would happen in real life
- Too subjectivew - Unsure whether guessing
- There could be peer influence as the participants were in groups. This could should what the group thinks rather than the individual.
- Application of research: Advertising
- Subliminal messages: This is a brief sound or image that is directed to us without being aware of it
- Advertising for the brain: Left side processes information. Right side processes emotion.
- Context advertising: Percieving something to be better than what is really is. This changes the thought and ideas of the product.
- Key Concepts
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