Perception
- Created by: meghampton
- Created on: 21-03-17 17:57
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- Perception
- The Eye
- Cornea
- tough, transparent covering over the front part of the eye.
- Iris
- coloured part of the eye, contains muscles.
- muscles relax/contract to adjust the size of the pupil
- Pupil
- hole in the middle of the iris
- Lens
- transparent, flexible disc behind the iris
- attached to the ciliary muscles by the suspensory ligaments
- Ciliary Muscles
- muscles connected to the lens by suspensory ligaments
- Retina
- lining of the back of the eye containing two types of light receptor cells
- rods are sensitive to dim light and black + white
- cones are sensitive to colour
- Optic Nerve
- carries information from the eye to the brain
- bundle of nerves that leads out from the retina at the back of the eye
- Blind Spot
- area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves
- no rods of cones so cannot detect light
- Cornea
- Keywords
- Perception
- cognitive process where we interpret the sensory information from the environment
- Illusion
- effect of mis-interpreting data - brain plays a trick on us
- Constancies
- allow us to see things as remaining the same even when physical characteristics change
- Depth Perception
- ability of our eyes and brain to add a third dimension
- Linear Perspective
- straight lines come together/ converge at a distant point - allows us to interpret distance of a road etc.
- Height in a Plane
- if an object is higher to the eyes - seems further away
- Super-imposition
- an object blocking another seems closer
- Perception
- Construct- ivist theory: top - down
- Expectations
- Motivation
- how we are feeling can affect what we see
- Surroundings
- if you are in surroundings and see something new - you perceive it as something similar to the surroundings
- what we see is based on the brain's prior knowledge
- illusions prove this theory
- Criticisms
- can't be based on individual past experience - many people perceive the world in a similar way
- most info comes from the environment - not down to our minds
- babies can experience the world without past experience
- we fall for the same visual illusions 2nd time around
- we should learn not to be fooled
- ignores influence of our natural ability to perceive the world
- can't be based on individual past experience - many people perceive the world in a similar way
- Nativist theory - bottom up
- perception is a natural + instinctive process
- do not have to rely on experience - born with functions
- perception is dominated by what enters through the eyes
- immediate/ direct and data driven
- Haber and Levin 2001
- supports constructivist theory
- nine male college students taken to a grassy field surrounded by trees on 3 sides
- split into four sections:
- arrival area - empty
- places at random distances - 15 real world object with a known size - door
- 15 real world objects with different sizes - Christmas tree
- 15 geometric cardboard cut out shapes
- repeated measures design
- lab experiment - controlled every aspect
- recorded guesses about how far away the objects were
- most accurate guesses were for the real world objects of a standard size
- objects are seen everyday - use relative size to estimate distance
- problems
- can't be generalised
- unfamiliar surroundings - distorted findings
- artificial settings
- strengths
- well controlled - same objects, tested for eyesight
- no harm or deception for participants
- supports top down theory - could be used in testimonies
- The Eye
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