PE Theory Y11 (Skeleton and Muscles)
Skeleton and muscle during exercise
- Created by: Hannah Pearson
- Created on: 02-04-13 19:00
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- Shape and support
- Skeleton and body
- Mineral storage
- Protection
- The ribs protect the heart and the lungs, for example.
- Movement
- Abduction- Away from centre of body
- Adduction- Towards the centre of the body
- Blood Production
- Axial parts of the skeleton:
- Skull, vertebral column, sternum.
- Appendicular parts of the skeleton:
- Arms, legs, shoulder, collar bone, pelvis.
- What is bending?
- Flexion
- What is straightening of the joints?
- Extension
- Osteoarthritis
- Cartilage has broken down, forcing bone to bone contact (friction)
- Muscle movement
- Needs a contraction and relaxion
- Tendons connect muscle to bone
- They create tension by pulling bone to contract the muscle
- Can cause strain, strain, inflammation, tendonitis etc.
- Rest and ice
- Overload in the muscle leads to lactic acid
- Cartilage prevents friction of bones
- Long term effects of exercise on body:
- Better blood supply
- More oxygen so get tired less easily
- Tones muscles up
- Better blood supply
- Short term effects of exercise on the body:
- Breathing rate increases
- Cardiac output increases (blood pumped out a min)
- Q = SV * HR
- Stroke volume increases (amount of blood pumped out of heart in 1 heart beat
- Sweat and water loss
- Skeleton and body
- Hinge Joint e.g Elbow and Knee joint
- Skeleton and body
- Mineral storage
- Protection
- The ribs protect the heart and the lungs, for example.
- Movement
- Abduction- Away from centre of body
- Adduction- Towards the centre of the body
- Blood Production
- Axial parts of the skeleton:
- Skull, vertebral column, sternum.
- Appendicular parts of the skeleton:
- Arms, legs, shoulder, collar bone, pelvis.
- What is bending?
- Flexion
- What is straightening of the joints?
- Extension
- Osteoarthritis
- Cartilage has broken down, forcing bone to bone contact (friction)
- Muscle movement
- Needs a contraction and relaxion
- Tendons connect muscle to bone
- They create tension by pulling bone to contract the muscle
- Can cause strain, strain, inflammation, tendonitis etc.
- Rest and ice
- Overload in the muscle leads to lactic acid
- Cartilage prevents friction of bones
- Long term effects of exercise on body:
- Better blood supply
- More oxygen so get tired less easily
- Tones muscles up
- Better blood supply
- Short term effects of exercise on the body:
- Breathing rate increases
- Cardiac output increases (blood pumped out a min)
- Q = SV * HR
- Stroke volume increases (amount of blood pumped out of heart in 1 heart beat
- Sweat and water loss
- Skeleton and body
- Ball and Socket Joint e.g shoulder and hip joint
- Range of mobility, not limited
- Can only move up and down, cannot rotate
- Hinge Joint e.g Elbow and Knee joint
- Hinge Joint e.g Elbow and Knee joint
- Mainly calcium and phosphorus- strong bones
- Bone marrow produces red/white blood cells for oxygen/mineral transportations e.g Femur
- Contract: shortens and fattens
- Relax: Longer and thinner
- They work in antagonistic pairs
- Helper muscle is called SYNERGIST
- The one that works (short and fat) is the prime mover/agonist
- They work in antagonistic pairs
- Helper muscle is called SYNERGIST
- They work in antagonistic pairs
- The one that doesn't work is called the antagonist
- ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
- Muscles get bigger because they tear and repair
- Injure yourself through too much training
- Ligaments attach bone to bone
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