patterns and trends in crime
- Created by: grazed granola
- Created on: 14-03-18 16:06
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- Patterns and trends in offending and victimisation
- SOCIAL CLASS- offending:
- A typical UK prisoner will be under 30, working class, and male.
- Sutherland: lower socio-economic classes
- GENDER- offending:
- Males commit 80% of all crime
- Women are more likely to turn to crime when they are on benefits, in the rest of the population more men are on benefits
- Rates of offending have fallen for both genders, faster for females
- Females are treated more leniently, chivalry thesis
- Females have a lower crime rate in all areas apart from prostitution
- Peak age for offending women is 15, falls off during teenage years, for men it is 18 and doesn't fall until their 20s.
- Feminists argue that women turn to crime when the disadvantages in their life outweigh the advantages
- GENDER- victimisation
- Higher proportion of men are victims of violence, by strangers
- Women 7X more likely to report being a victim of sexual assult
- Males account for 7/10 homicide victims
- In 2003, over half of female homicide victims were killed by a husband or partner
- 2 women every week are killed by a husband or partner
- Hanmer and Saunders: unstructured interviews with women on the street, 20% of women who had been victims of sexual assault did not report it.
- Walklate: considered why women stay in abusive relationships, lack of confidence, financial independence, unable to leave, no where to go which was made worse if there were children, self blame.
- AGE- offending:
- Young people are more likely to offend/commit crime
- Girls under 16 are more likely to shoplift and fight
- In 2009-10, 20% of all police recorded crime was committed by males ages 10-17, 4% females
- McVie: data is grouped in age-bands which may mask more precise trends. Home Office groups everyone over 21 together, making comparisons difficult
- Soothill et al: peak age for burglaries is 16 or less, drug offences 21-25 then decline.
- Youth crime is more visible and thus may appear in statistics more, adult crime is more likely to go undetected.
- AGE- victimisation
- Older people are more likely to fear crime, but younger people are more likely to be victims of it.
- When assault occurs, older people are more likely to be injured and take time off work, the attack is likely to have a greater effect on their lives.
- CSEW 2014, 12% of children had been victims of crime, 56% were violent.
- Older people are more likely to fear crime, but younger people are more likely to be victims of it.
- ETHNICITY- offending:
- The majority of people in prison are white, around 70%, followed by Afro-Carribean, 15%
- Blacks are stopped and searched 7X more than whites.2009-10
- Blacks are arrested 3X more than whites, 2010
- In 2013, black people made up 3% of the population but 14% of all stop and searches. Asians made up 6% of the population, 10% of all stop and searches
- White overall arrests have decreased since 2010, arrests for blacks and Asians has increased
- Bowling and Phillips: police charge black people on inadequate evidence. Immigration has increased, crime has decreased.
- ETHNICITY- victimisation
- Ethnic minorities are more at risk of being victims of personal crimes.
- Racial and religious offences decreased from 2005.
- Home Office suggests black people are 5X more likely to be murdered
- 1/3 gun murder victims and offenders are black.
- SOCIAL CLASS- offending:
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