parties and da struggle 1890-1914
- Created by: katied04
- Created on: 29-03-22 19:29
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- Autocracy V Democracy and political parties. 1890-1914
- Struggle between autocracy v democracy.
- Placement of power
- 1871 vested final authority with K2. unlike his father, he wanted to exert authority and have personal relationship with the reichstag
- Forefronted role is highlighted with the almost immediate dismissal of bismarck
- there was an increasing separatyion between the kaisers government and the demands of the masses. reflected in growing socialist vote (110 1912)
- This separation made the 1871 constitution increasingly more challenging to operate. Had the reichstag been united, there would not have been gaps in which chancellors could manovere
- interference of kaiser= put mounting stress on chancellors
- This separation made the 1871 constitution increasingly more challenging to operate. Had the reichstag been united, there would not have been gaps in which chancellors could manovere
- During 1897-1908, peaking in bulows incumbency, kaiser2 reached peak of personal rule
- 1897
- 1871 vested final authority with K2. unlike his father, he wanted to exert authority and have personal relationship with the reichstag
- Daily Telegraph interview
- Demostrated kaiser saw his autocratic powers far more differently than the reichstag saw them.
- october 1908, where in an interview kaiser suggested germans were anti british. bulow failed to suppress this.
- this worsened relations with the british and reichstag. blamed bulow.
- Zabern affair.
- example of kaiser over stretching authority
- december 1913, supported excessive military actions against citizens
- Many percieved this as letting military do what they want with no respect of the rule of law, causing an outcry against militarism.
- december 1913, supported excessive military actions against citizens
- example of kaiser over stretching authority
- Placement of power
- Development of parties and political opposition.
- Development of parties and opposition
- Liberals= 1890s saw the fragmentation and decline of german liberalism
- Opposed socialism and like an expansionist foreign polciy
- SDP=
- 1890's, support gew massively.
- Anti socialist laws and caprivis new course (1890-1894) bolstered membership, esp of skilled workers.
- 1891 Erfurt programme drawn up at the erfurt conference. demanded abolition of class rule, equal rights and the use of income/property tax.
- However, socialists such as august bebel developed the theory of gradual socialism to achieve ultimate goal of constitutional change
- however, even in positions of weakness, there was a failure to exploit this.
- a revisionist ammendment to the erfurt programme was defeated in 1900. Highlights the presense of radicals.
- radical sentiments made it difficult for pother parties such as th eliberals to back them.
- However, socialists such as august bebel developed the theory of gradual socialism to achieve ultimate goal of constitutional change
- sammlungspolitik only worked to split society into 2 opposing extremes
- other left wing opposition
- 1890- Carl liegen founded ' General Federation of Trade Unions'. campaigned for better working conditions, shorter hours and more pay. Unions also supported socialism
- Trade unions had over 2.5 million members by 1913, becoming europes largest labour organisation
- 3.024m in 1913
- Centre
- desire to protect church interests but were divided on other issues
- Right wing
- DKP and FP represented anti socialist and anti dem right wing views in the reichstag. represented prussian junkers and military officers and non prussian landowners and industrial elites.
- often supported kaisers policies
- supported by right wing pressure groups (pan german league, agarian league). these groups exerted a direct influence on policy making.
- e.g, the pan german league became increasing confrontational from 1900s, anti soc and reformist. the leader heinrich class set out the groups nationalist agenda in 'if i waere kaiser'. 1912. highly anti semetic.
- Liberals= 1890s saw the fragmentation and decline of german liberalism
- Change from bismarck= chaning democraphic means more voices wanted to be heard in the political process
- Kaiser saw political activity as destructive, however he was less adverse to the demands of the right wing nationalist pressure groups. politics became more polarised than ever.
- Development of parties and opposition
- Struggle between autocracy v democracy.
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