Participation In Sport

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  • PARTICIPATION IN SPORT
    • AGE
      • FLEXIBILITY
        • Quite high in teens, but decreases with age.
        • A tendency ro put on weight also reduces flexibility.
      • STRENGTH
        • Decreases as we get older, but younger people need to be fully grown to reach maximum strength.
        • You are fully grown when you reach your late teens/ early twenties.
      • OXYGEN CAPACITY
        • Reduces with age as the heart becomes less efficient.
        • The arteries gradually lose their elasticity, which increases blood pressure and reduces blood flow.
      • SKILL LEVELS
        • Improve with age and experience and as we grow and become stronger.
      • Age
        • The older you get, the longer it takes for you to recover from injuries.
        • More chance of suffering from diseases and there is a gradual wear and tear on the body.
    • DISABILITY
      • ADAPTATIONS
        • ACCESS
          • Doors and doorways have to be wide enough to allow wheelchair access, and ramps must be provided.
        • ADAPT
          • Different aspects of games have been adapted to suit disabilties such as rules and equipment, a Paralympic Games has also been established.
          • Disablity classifications exist for all activities relating to the particular physical demands of that sport.
        • PARKING
          • Disabled bays must be marked and made available.
        • PROVISION
          • Lifts must allow access to upper floors, disabled toilets provided
    • GENDER
      • Physique
        • Women tend to be smaller with flatter pelvis's and smaller lungs and heart
      • Cardiovascular Endurance
        • Women have smaller lungs and hearts so obviously have a lower oxygen carrying capacity than men
      • Strength
        • Muscle strength and power can vary, however women have less total muscle mass
      • Bone Structue
        • Women have a flatter, broader pelvis
      • Flexibility
        • Women have much less muscle mass which makes them more flexible
      • Fat
        • Women have a higher percentage of fat
    • SOMATOTYPE
      • Endomorph
        • Roughly pear-shaped, wide hips, wide shoulders, tendency to gain fat, short legs
          • Sporting examples- in rugby their bulk could be an advantage, sumo wrestler, shot putter
      • Mesomorph
        • Wedge-shaped, broad wide shoulders, muscled arms and legs, narrow hips, minimum amount of fat
          • Sporting examples- strength and agility sports, especially swimming
            • FAST TWITCH
      • Ectomorph
        • Long and slender, thin with narrow shoulders and hips, thin arms and legs, very little body and muscle fat
          • Sporting examples- endurance events such as marathon running
            • SLOW TWITCH
    • ENVIRONMENT
      • Pollution
        • Pollution levels can be a health risk, the more pollution the less oxygen. Therefore cardiovascular fitness will be affected and performance levels will drop
          • If pollution levels are too high training would be restricted to indoors, you are best to train somewhere with low pollution levels
      • Altitude
        • Training at high altitude can beneficial as the air is less dense and oxygen levels are low
          • This method increases the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, this method of training increases your performance at sea level is especially good for someone partaking in endurance events
      • Terrain
        • The landscape you require is crucial to your sport, and you may not be able to compete without them
          • A skier would need snow and slopes and a windsurfer would need wind and sea

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