Parliament

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  • Parliament
    • House of Lords
      • composition
        • Life peers
          • Peers who are entitled to sit in the Lords for their own lifetimes
          • Appointed under the Life Peerages Acts
          • Appointed by PM with recommend-ations also being made by opposition leaders.
        • Hereditary Peers
          • Peers who hold inherited titles which also carry the right to sit in the lords
          • There were over 700 hereditary peers, but since 1999 only 92 are permitted to sit
          • These 92 were elected by all the hereditary peers in the unreformed house
      • Lords Spiritual
        • The bishops and archbishops of the Church of England
          • 26 in total
      • Can only delay laws
      • powers
        • amendments to legislation
          • proposed in lords but has to be approved by house of commons. Legislative ping pong is when they do it repeatedly to get something passed.
        • delay bills
          • can delay a bill for one year to show parliament they should reconsider. They tried to do this with the fox hunting ban
        • Salisbury convention
          • from the 1940's it is an unwritten rule that the HOL cannot obstruct a proposal that was in the government's manifesto
    • House of Commons
      • Supreme legislative power
      • Can make, unmake & amend any law it wishes
      • A government that is defeated in the Commons on a major issue or matter of confidence is obliged to resign or call an election
      • Functions
        • representation
          • MPs represent constituents and may represent 'interests' such as trade unions, or particular professions, provided these interests are declared
        • legitimisation: allows for elected representative to grant their approval for most actions of the government
        • scrutiny: the policies and actions of the government
  • Each one elected by a single member parliamentary constituency
    • FPTP
    • Fixed Term Parliament Act 2011
      • General elections are held at regular intervals at the end of a 5 year fixed Parliamentary term
  • recruitment
    • in a parliamentary system of government the convention is that ministers from the PM downwards must be MPs or Peers.
    • Functions
      • representation
        • MPs represent constituents and may represent 'interests' such as trade unions, or particular professions, provided these interests are declared
      • legitimisation: allows for elected representative to grant their approval for most actions of the government
      • scrutiny: the policies and actions of the government

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