Paper 1 - Development Dynamics
- Created by: India.02
- Created on: 21-04-19 13:46
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- Causes of Global Inequalities
- Climate
- A poor climate (really hot or really cold or really dry) means that not much will grow - this reduces the amount of food produced, which leads to malnutrition and a low quality of life
- There will also be fewer crops to sell, so less money to spend on goods and services - this also reduces quality of life
- A poor climate (really hot or really cold or really dry) means that not much will grow - this reduces the amount of food produced, which leads to malnutrition and a low quality of life
- Education
- Produces a more skilled workforce, meaning that the country can produce more goods and offer more services
- This can bring money into the country through trade or investment
- Educated people earn more, so they pay more taxes, which provides money that the country can spend on development
- Produces a more skilled workforce, meaning that the country can produce more goods and offer more services
- Health
- Lack of clean water and poor health care means that many people suffer from diseases such as malaria and colers
- Ill people can't work so they don't contribute to the economy and they may also need expensive medicine or health care
- Lack of economic contribution and increased spending on health care means that there is less money available to spend on development
- Colonialism
- Colonised - ruled by a foreign country
- Countries that were colonised are often at a lower level of development when they gain independence than they would be if they had not been colonised
- European countries colonised a lot of Africa in the 19th century - they controlled the economies of their colonies, removed raw materials and slaves, and sold back expensive manufactured goods
- This was bad for African development as many countries became dependentEurope. This led to famine and malnutrition
- Economic and Political
- Authoritarian governments tell people what to do
- Democratic governments are chosen by the people
- Corrupt governments can hinder development e.g. by taking money that's intended for building new infrastructure or improving facilities for people
- Countries with good international relations are more likely to get good trade agreements - they can also get loans from international organisations to invest in development projects
- Authoritarian governments can put development policies in place without worrying about anyone stopping them
- This can be very good for economic development e.g. rapid growth of China. Things can go wrong though e.g. Cuba's economic crash
- Development under democratic governments is usually less extreme - different interest groups prevent either huge growth or economic collapse
- Topography
- Steep land means that food production decreases
- Decreased food production leads to malnutrition and a low quality of life
- Steep land also makes it hard to develop infrastructure, which then limits trade and makes it hard to provide basic services
- Steep land means that food production decreases
- Neo-colonialism
- After colonies gained their independence, richer countries continued to control them directly
- TNCs exploit cheap labour and raw materials from poorer countries
- International organisations sometimes offer conditional loans, which means poorer countries have to develop in the ways that their donor wants them to
- After colonies gained their independence, richer countries continued to control them directly
- Climate
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