Paper 1 - Section A


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  • Created by: freyamt
  • Created on: 23-01-18 15:07
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  • AO1 -Terminology
    • Phonology, phonetics & prosodics
      • IPA: International, phonetic alphabet.
      • Accommodation: The way that someone alters their language to suit another
      • Diphthong: a vowel sound that is the combination of two seperate sounds put together
      • Phoneme: sound unit
    • Lexis and semantics
      • Denotative meanin: literal meaning
      • Connotative: associated meaning
      • Semantic field: a group of words associated by the same field of reference e.g. medicine, doctor, hospital
      • Hypernyms: words that label categories e.g. animal
      • Hyponym: words that are associated within a category e.g. dog, cat, fish (category animals)
      • Sociolect: the language used within a certain social group
      • Semantic change: the process of a word changing meaning over time
      • Neologisms: The process of a word chaning by using methds such as blending, compounding, acronyms and initialisms
    • Grammar
      • Clause: A group of words that is centered around the verb
        • Subordinate clause: A clause that will be grammatically incomplete e.g. Once Adam smashed the spider
        • Main clause: A clause which is grammatically complete
      • Subordination: the joining of two or more clauses where only one is independent (the main clause) and the others dependent (subordinate clause/clauses). 
      • Modification: adding more words to provide extra detail
    • Pragmatics
      • Irony:  using language to signal an attitude other than what has been literally expressed
      • Cooperative principles in conversation: how interaction is thought to be based upon various kinds of cooperative behaviour between speakers.
    • Discourse
      •  Discourse markers: words, phrases or clauses that help to organise what we say or write (e.g. OK, So, “As I was saying…”).
      • Anaphoric reference: Referring to something that was previously mentioned in the text
      • Cataphoric reference: Refferring to something that has not yet been mentined e.g.When she arrived, Grace was suprised.

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